Question 1

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  active transport 
D)  secretion 
A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  active transport 
D)  secretion

Question 2

Different body cells can respond differently to the same hormones because

Accepted Answer

A)  different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B)  each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C)  target cells responses are determined by the components of their signal transduction pathways. 
D)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system. 
A)  different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B)  each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C)  target cells responses are determined by the components of their signal transduction pathways. 
D)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system.

Question 3

Ammonia

Accepted Answer

A)  is soluble in water. 
B)  can be stored in the body as a precipitate. 
C)  has low toxicity relative to urea. 
D)  requires more energy to synthesize than urea. 
E)  is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects. 
A)  is soluble in water. 
B)  can be stored in the body as a precipitate. 
C)  has low toxicity relative to urea. 
D)  requires more energy to synthesize than urea. 
E)  is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects.

Question 4

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  salt pumping to control osmolarity. 
B)  H+ pumping to control pH. 
C)  reabsorption mechanisms along the proximal tubule. 
D)  filtration from the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  secretion along the distal tubule. 
A)  salt pumping to control osmolarity. 
B)  H+ pumping to control pH. 
C)  reabsorption mechanisms along the proximal tubule. 
D)  filtration from the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  secretion along the distal tubule.

Question 5

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming because

Accepted Answer

A)  all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B)  all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C)  flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form. 
D)  the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
E)  this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. 
A)  all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B)  all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C)  flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form. 
D)  the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
E)  this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water.

Question 6

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of

Accepted Answer

A)  starch and cellulose. 
B)  triglycerides and steroids. 
C)  proteins and nucleic acids. 
D)  phospholipids and glycolipids. 
E)  fatty acids and glycerol. 
A)  starch and cellulose. 
B)  triglycerides and steroids. 
C)  proteins and nucleic acids. 
D)  phospholipids and glycolipids. 
E)  fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 7

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue. 
B)  smooth muscle cells. 
C)  nervous tissue. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  adipose tissue. 
A)  connective tissue. 
B)  smooth muscle cells. 
C)  nervous tissue. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  adipose tissue.

Question 8

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of filtrate at an excretory structure. 
B)  reabsorption of nutrients from a filtrate. 
C)  selective elimination of excess ions and toxins from body fluids. 
D)  formation of an osmotic gradient along an excretory structure. 
E)  excretion of urine from the body. 
A)  formation of filtrate at an excretory structure. 
B)  reabsorption of nutrients from a filtrate. 
C)  selective elimination of excess ions and toxins from body fluids. 
D)  formation of an osmotic gradient along an excretory structure. 
E)  excretion of urine from the body.

Question 9

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  anterior pituitary gland. 
A)  kidneys. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  anterior pituitary gland.

Question 10

Figure 32.1
-Examine Figure 32.1. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Accepted Answer

A)  the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B)  the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C)  the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D)  the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E)  the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment. 
A)  the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B)  the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C)  the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D)  the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E)  the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment.

Question 11

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

Accepted Answer

A)  green frog. 
B)  penguin. 
C)  bluefin tuna. 
D)  house sparrow. 
E)  gray wolf. 
A)  green frog. 
B)  penguin. 
C)  bluefin tuna. 
D)  house sparrow. 
E)  gray wolf.

Question 12

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can be triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  sleeping for one hour. 
B)  severe sweating on a hot day. 
C)  eating a bag of potato chips. 
D)  eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni. 
E)  drinking several glasses of water. 
A)  sleeping for one hour. 
B)  severe sweating on a hot day. 
C)  eating a bag of potato chips. 
D)  eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni. 
E)  drinking several glasses of water.

Question 13

The filtrate in the renal pelvis enters directly from

Accepted Answer

A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the collecting duct. 
C)  Bowman's capsule. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the glomerulus. 
A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the collecting duct. 
C)  Bowman's capsule. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the glomerulus.

Question 14

Birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste because uric acid

Accepted Answer

A)  is readily soluble in water. 
B)  is metabolically less expensive to synthesize than other excretory products. 
C)  requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal, thus reducing body mass. 
D)  excretion allows birds to live in desert environments. 
A)  is readily soluble in water. 
B)  is metabolically less expensive to synthesize than other excretory products. 
C)  requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal, thus reducing body mass. 
D)  excretion allows birds to live in desert environments.

Question 15

Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridium-earthworm 
B)  Malpighian tubule-frog 
C)  kidney-insect 
D)  flame bulb-snake 
E)  exchange across the body surface-marine invertebrate 
A)  protonephridium-earthworm 
B)  Malpighian tubule-frog 
C)  kidney-insect 
D)  flame bulb-snake 
E)  exchange across the body surface-marine invertebrate

Question 16

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A)  insoluble in water. 
B)  more toxic to human cells than ammonia. 
C)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans. 
D)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds. 
E)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates. 
A)  insoluble in water. 
B)  more toxic to human cells than ammonia. 
C)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans. 
D)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds. 
E)  the primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates.

Question 17

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

Accepted Answer

A)  organs. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  organ systems. 
D)  organelles. 
E)  organisms. 
A)  organs. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  organ systems. 
D)  organelles. 
E)  organisms.

Question 18

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead

Accepted Answer

A)  will thrive under such conditions, as long as he has lived by the ocean most of his life. 
B)  will excrete more water molecules than are taken in because of the high load of ion ingestion. 
C)  will develop structural changes in the kidneys to accommodate the salt overload. 
D)  will find that drinking saltwater satiates his thirst. 
E)  will risk becoming overhydrated within 12 hours. 
A)  will thrive under such conditions, as long as he has lived by the ocean most of his life. 
B)  will excrete more water molecules than are taken in because of the high load of ion ingestion. 
C)  will develop structural changes in the kidneys to accommodate the salt overload. 
D)  will find that drinking saltwater satiates his thirst. 
E)  will risk becoming overhydrated within 12 hours.

Question 19

Among vertebrate animals, urea

Accepted Answer

A)  is made in the kidneys and immediately excreted. 
B)  is exhaled, along with carbon dioxide, by the lungs. 
C)  is made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide. 
D)  is made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion. 
E)  is rarely excreted as a waste product. 
A)  is made in the kidneys and immediately excreted. 
B)  is exhaled, along with carbon dioxide, by the lungs. 
C)  is made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide. 
D)  is made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion. 
E)  is rarely excreted as a waste product.

Question 20

The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the

Accepted Answer

A)  ovary. 
B)  adrenal medulla. 
C)  adrenal cortex. 
D)  testis. 
E)  thyroid. 
A)  ovary. 
B)  adrenal medulla. 
C)  adrenal cortex. 
D)  testis. 
E)  thyroid.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Different body cells can respond differently to the same hormones because

Ammonia

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming because

In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

The osmoregulatory process called secretion refers to the

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism) can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

Figure 32.1 -Examine Figure 32.1. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can be triggered by

The filtrate in the renal pelvis enters directly from

Birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste because uric acid

Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.

Urea is

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead

Among vertebrate animals, urea

The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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