Question 1

When stimulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the reabsorption of water is increased along

Accepted Answer

A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the glomerulus. 
C)  the collecting duct. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the distal tubule. 
A)  the loop of Henle. 
B)  the glomerulus. 
C)  the collecting duct. 
D)  the proximal tubule. 
E)  the distal tubule.

Question 2

Figure 32.1
-The thin horizontal arrows in Figure 32.1 show that

Accepted Answer

A)  the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed when the legs are too cold to function well. 
B)  the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood. 
C)  the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood. 
D)  the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose. 
E)  the goose's legs get progressively warmer as the blood moves away from the abdomen to the feet. 
A)  the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed when the legs are too cold to function well. 
B)  the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood. 
C)  the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood. 
D)  the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose. 
E)  the goose's legs get progressively warmer as the blood moves away from the abdomen to the feet.

Question 3

An example of a homeostatic response is

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in body temperature that results from involuntary shivering. 
B)  an increase in body temperature that results from exercise. 
C)  the rising sun causing an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D)  an increase in body temperature that results from fever. 
E)  a decrease in body temperature that results from shock. 
A)  an increase in body temperature that results from involuntary shivering. 
B)  an increase in body temperature that results from exercise. 
C)  the rising sun causing an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D)  an increase in body temperature that results from fever. 
E)  a decrease in body temperature that results from shock.

Question 4

Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion 
A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion

Question 5

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  thyroxine. 
D)  oxytocin. 
E)  growth hormone. 
A)  epinephrine. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  thyroxine. 
D)  oxytocin. 
E)  growth hormone.

Question 6

Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia 
B)  ammonium ions 
C)  urea 
D)  uric acid 
A)  ammonia 
B)  ammonium ions 
C)  urea 
D)  uric acid

Question 7

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  thyroid glands. 
D)  pancreas. 
E)  pineal gland. 
A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  thyroid glands. 
D)  pancreas. 
E)  pineal gland.

Question 8

Fibroblasts secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  fats. 
B)  plasma. 
C)  interstitial fluids. 
D)  calcium phosphate 
E)  collagen. 
A)  fats. 
B)  plasma. 
C)  interstitial fluids. 
D)  calcium phosphate 
E)  collagen.

Question 9

The typical osmolarity of human blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  30 mosm/L. 
B)  100 mosm/L. 
C)  200 mosm/L. 
D)  300 mosm/L. 
E)  500 mosm/L. 
A)  30 mosm/L. 
B)  100 mosm/L. 
C)  200 mosm/L. 
D)  300 mosm/L. 
E)  500 mosm/L.

Question 10

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  liver. 
D)  heart. 
E)  brain. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  liver. 
D)  heart. 
E)  brain.

Question 11

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Accepted Answer

A)  the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B)  the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C)  a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D)  blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E)  the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten. 
A)  the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B)  the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C)  a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D)  blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E)  the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten.

Question 12

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that the snake

Accepted Answer

A)  is less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  is less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators. 
C)  is more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D)  is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction. 
E)  is more active in summer as a result of being disturbed by other animals. 
A)  is less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  is less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators. 
C)  is more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D)  is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction. 
E)  is more active in summer as a result of being disturbed by other animals.

Question 13

Melatonin is secreted by

Accepted Answer

A)  the hypothalamus. 
B)  the pineal gland. 
C)  the adrenal medulla. 
D)  the posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  the thyroid gland. 
A)  the hypothalamus. 
B)  the pineal gland. 
C)  the adrenal medulla. 
D)  the posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  the thyroid gland.

Question 14

The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule

Accepted Answer

A)  results from active transport. 
B)  transfers large molecules as easily as small ones. 
C)  is very selective as to which subprotein-sized molecules are transferred. 
D)  is mainly a consequence of blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus. 
E)  usually includes the transfer of red blood cells into Bowman's capsule. 
A)  results from active transport. 
B)  transfers large molecules as easily as small ones. 
C)  is very selective as to which subprotein-sized molecules are transferred. 
D)  is mainly a consequence of blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus. 
E)  usually includes the transfer of red blood cells into Bowman's capsule.

Question 15

All skeletal muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A)  are both smooth and under involuntary control. 
B)  are both smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers. 
C)  are both striated and under voluntary control. 
D)  are both smooth and under voluntary control. 
E)  are both striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers. 
A)  are both smooth and under involuntary control. 
B)  are both smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers. 
C)  are both striated and under voluntary control. 
D)  are both smooth and under voluntary control. 
E)  are both striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers.

Question 16

The endocrine glands include the

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  salivary glands. 
C)  sweat glands. 
D)  gallbladder. 
A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  salivary glands. 
C)  sweat glands. 
D)  gallbladder.

Question 17

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals, and it regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

Accepted Answer

A)  is a nonspecific hormone. 
B)  has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C)  is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D)  is derived from two separate sources. 
E)  interacts with many different receptor molecules. 
A)  is a nonspecific hormone. 
B)  has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C)  is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D)  is derived from two separate sources. 
E)  interacts with many different receptor molecules.

Question 18

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because

Accepted Answer

A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix. 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell. 
C)  it is contained in vessels that "connect" different parts of an organism's body. 
D)  its cells can move from place to place. 
E)  it is found within all the organs of the body. 
A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix. 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell. 
C)  it is contained in vessels that "connect" different parts of an organism's body. 
D)  its cells can move from place to place. 
E)  it is found within all the organs of the body.

Question 19

Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperosmotic. 
B)  hypoosmotic. 
C)  isoosmotic. 
D)  hyperosmotic and isoosmotic. 
E)  hypoosmotic and isoosmotic. 
A)  hyperosmotic. 
B)  hypoosmotic. 
C)  isoosmotic. 
D)  hyperosmotic and isoosmotic. 
E)  hypoosmotic and isoosmotic.

Question 20

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin and calcitonin. 
B)  prolactin and oxytocin. 
C)  follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. 
D)  luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. 
E)  prolactin and luteinizing hormone. 
A)  prolactin and calcitonin. 
B)  prolactin and oxytocin. 
C)  follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. 
D)  luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. 
E)  prolactin and luteinizing hormone.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

When stimulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the reabsorption of water is increased along

Figure 32.1 -The thin horizontal arrows in Figure 32.1 show that

An example of a homeostatic response is

Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes?

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Fibroblasts secrete

The typical osmolarity of human blood is

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that the snake

Melatonin is secreted by

The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule

All skeletal muscle fibers

The endocrine glands include the

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals, and it regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because

Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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