Question 1

Figure 35.4
According to the graph in Figure 35.4, B cells will first produce effector cells

Accepted Answer

A)  between 0 and 7 days. 
B)  between 7 and 14 days. 
C)  between 28 and 35 days. 
D)  between 0 and 7 days and between 7 and 14 days. 
E)  between 0 and 7 days and between 28 and 35 days. 
A)  between 0 and 7 days. 
B)  between 7 and 14 days. 
C)  between 28 and 35 days. 
D)  between 0 and 7 days and between 7 and 14 days. 
E)  between 0 and 7 days and between 28 and 35 days.

Question 2

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule with regions symbolized as C, V, H, or L has a light chain made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  one C region and one V region. 
B)  three C regions and one V region. 
C)  one H region and one L region. 
D)  three H regions and one L region. 
E)  two C regions and two V regions. 
A)  one C region and one V region. 
B)  three C regions and one V region. 
C)  one H region and one L region. 
D)  three H regions and one L region. 
E)  two C regions and two V regions.

Question 3

The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes; rather, this wide range of antibody production is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative splicing of exons after transcription. 
B)  increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules. 
C)  rearrangements of randomly selected V and J fragments. 
D)  expression of different cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells. 
E)  crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecule during meiosis I. 
A)  alternative splicing of exons after transcription. 
B)  increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules. 
C)  rearrangements of randomly selected V and J fragments. 
D)  expression of different cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells. 
E)  crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecule during meiosis I.

Question 4

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibacterial digestive enzymes 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides 
A)  antibacterial digestive enzymes 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides

Question 5

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-Which statement best describes the difference in responses of effector B cells (plasma cells) and cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity. 
B)  B cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times. 
C)  B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells. 
D)  B cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response. 
A)  B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity. 
B)  B cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times. 
C)  B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells. 
D)  B cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.

Question 6

According to Figure 35.5, approximately when did a second exposure to antigen occur?   Figure 35.5

Accepted Answer

A)  at 0 days 
B)  at 7 days. 
C)  at 14 days 
D)  at 28 days 
E)  at 49 days 
A)  at 0 days 
B)  at 7 days. 
C)  at 14 days 
D)  at 28 days 
E)  at 49 days

Question 7

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. 
B)  a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. 
C)  all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. 
D)  the pathogen has only one epitope. 
E)  the MHC molecules are heterozygous. 
A)  the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. 
B)  a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. 
C)  all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. 
D)  the pathogen has only one epitope. 
E)  the MHC molecules are heterozygous.

Question 8

There is a mutation such that mast cells cannot produce and secrete histamine. Which of the following outcomes is most likely to happen if an injury occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages will not be able to secrete cytokines. 
B)  Neutrophils will not be attracted to the injury site. 
C)  Neutrophils will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site. 
D)  Macrophages will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site. 
A)  Macrophages will not be able to secrete cytokines. 
B)  Neutrophils will not be attracted to the injury site. 
C)  Neutrophils will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site. 
D)  Macrophages will not be able to phagocytose pathogens at the injury site.

Question 9

What is the main reason that HIV usually cannot be completely eliminated by the body's immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The virus infects B cells. 
B)  The virus does not trigger an innate immune response. 
C)  The virus has a high mutation rate. 
D)  The virus is too small. 
A)  The virus infects B cells. 
B)  The virus does not trigger an innate immune response. 
C)  The virus has a high mutation rate. 
D)  The virus is too small.

Question 10

An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because

Accepted Answer

A)  MHC molecules of the donor may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules. 
B)  the tissue graft, unlike the bacterium, is isolated from the circulation and will not enter into an immune response. 
C)  a response to the graft will involve B cells and a response to the bacterium will not. 
D)  a bacterium cannot escape the immune system by replicating inside normal body cells. 
E)  the graft will stimulate an autoimmune response in the recipient. 
A)  MHC molecules of the donor may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules. 
B)  the tissue graft, unlike the bacterium, is isolated from the circulation and will not enter into an immune response. 
C)  a response to the graft will involve B cells and a response to the bacterium will not. 
D)  a bacterium cannot escape the immune system by replicating inside normal body cells. 
E)  the graft will stimulate an autoimmune response in the recipient.

Question 11

Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. The most inclusive set of symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such early human art is

Accepted Answer

A)  heat, pain, and redness only. 
B)  pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue. 
C)  swelling and pain only. 
D)  antibody-producing cells. 
E)  swelling, heat, redness, and pain. 
A)  heat, pain, and redness only. 
B)  pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue. 
C)  swelling and pain only. 
D)  antibody-producing cells. 
E)  swelling, heat, redness, and pain.

Exam 35: The Immune System

Figure 35.4 According to the graph in Figure 35.4, B cells will first produce effector cells

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule with regions symbolized as C, V, H, or L has a light chain made up of

The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes; rather, this wide range of antibody production is due to

According to Figure 35.5, approximately when did a second exposure to antigen occur? Figure 35.5

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that

There is a mutation such that mast cells cannot produce and secrete histamine. Which of the following outcomes is most likely to happen if an injury occurs?

What is the main reason that HIV usually cannot be completely eliminated by the body's immune system?

An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because

Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. The most inclusive set of symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such early human art is

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

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Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

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The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

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