Question 1

A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with

Accepted Answer

A)  a vaccine. 
B)  complement. 
C)  antihistamines. 
D)  monoclonal antibodies. 
A)  a vaccine. 
B)  complement. 
C)  antihistamines. 
D)  monoclonal antibodies.

Question 2

Which of the following cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and also respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells 
B)  natural killer cells 
C)  helper T cells 
D)  macrophages 
E)  B cells 
A)  cytotoxic T cells 
B)  natural killer cells 
C)  helper T cells 
D)  macrophages 
E)  B cells

Question 3

An epitope is

Accepted Answer

A)  part of the interferons that penetrate foreign cells. 
B)  a protein protruding from the surface of B cells. 
C)  two structurally similar antibodies dissolved in the blood plasma. 
D)  the part of an antigen that binds to an antigen receptor. 
E)  another name for a bacterial antigen. 
A)  part of the interferons that penetrate foreign cells. 
B)  a protein protruding from the surface of B cells. 
C)  two structurally similar antibodies dissolved in the blood plasma. 
D)  the part of an antigen that binds to an antigen receptor. 
E)  another name for a bacterial antigen.

Question 4

Clonal selection of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to production of

Accepted Answer

A)  large numbers of neutrophils. 
B)  large quantities of the antigen initially recognized. 
C)  vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors. 
D)  long-lived red blood cells that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen. 
E)  short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen. 
A)  large numbers of neutrophils. 
B)  large quantities of the antigen initially recognized. 
C)  vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors. 
D)  long-lived red blood cells that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen. 
E)  short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen.

Question 5

The cell-mediated immunity that destroys virally infected cells involves

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  natural killer cells. 
C)  helper T cells. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  B cells. 
A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  natural killer cells. 
C)  helper T cells. 
D)  macrophages. 
E)  B cells.

Question 6

Normal immune responses can be described as polyclonal because

Accepted Answer

A)  blood contains many different antibodies and antigens. 
B)  multiple immunoglobulins are produced from descendants of a single B cell. 
C)  diverse antibodies are produced for different epitopes of a specific antigen. 
D)  macrophages, T cells, and B cells all are involved in a normal immune response. 
A)  blood contains many different antibodies and antigens. 
B)  multiple immunoglobulins are produced from descendants of a single B cell. 
C)  diverse antibodies are produced for different epitopes of a specific antigen. 
D)  macrophages, T cells, and B cells all are involved in a normal immune response.

Question 7

Among the last line of defenses against prolonged exposure to an extracellular pathogen is

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme production. 
B)  phagocytosis by neutrophils. 
C)  antibody production by plasma cells. 
D)  histamine release by basophils. 
E)  conversion of helper T cells to memory helper T cells. 
A)  lysozyme production. 
B)  phagocytosis by neutrophils. 
C)  antibody production by plasma cells. 
D)  histamine release by basophils. 
E)  conversion of helper T cells to memory helper T cells.

Question 8

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years. 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital), whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host. 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS, but rarely does so in those not infected by HIV. 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives. 
E)  myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease that blocks muscle contraction from time to time. 
A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years. 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital), whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host. 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS, but rarely does so in those not infected by HIV. 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives. 
E)  myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease that blocks muscle contraction from time to time.

Question 9

Antibodies are made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  one heavy chain and one light chain. 
B)  two heavy chains and two light chains. 
C)  three heavy chains and three light chains. 
D)  four heavy chains and four light chains. 
A)  one heavy chain and one light chain. 
B)  two heavy chains and two light chains. 
C)  three heavy chains and three light chains. 
D)  four heavy chains and four light chains.

Question 10

Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial peptide (defensin or drosomycin) were tested for survival after infection with Micrococcus luteus bacteria and the results are shown in the figure below. What statement about these data is true?   Figure 35.2

Accepted Answer

A)  Drosomycin likely protects fruit flies by activating an adaptive immune response. 
B)  Drosomycin and defensin are equally effective at protecting fruit flies from the bacterial infection. 
C)  Defensin likely protects fruit flies by activating an innate immune response. 
D)  After three days, approximately 90% of mutant fruit flies are dead. 
A)  Drosomycin likely protects fruit flies by activating an adaptive immune response. 
B)  Drosomycin and defensin are equally effective at protecting fruit flies from the bacterial infection. 
C)  Defensin likely protects fruit flies by activating an innate immune response. 
D)  After three days, approximately 90% of mutant fruit flies are dead.

Question 11

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because

Accepted Answer

A)  even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her MHC proteins may not be a match. 
B)  a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change. 
C)  for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles. 
D)  Jane's class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow. 
E)  Bob's immune response has been made inadequate before he receives the transplant. 
A)  even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her MHC proteins may not be a match. 
B)  a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change. 
C)  for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles. 
D)  Jane's class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow. 
E)  Bob's immune response has been made inadequate before he receives the transplant.

Question 12

An example of a pathogen that undergoes rapid changes resulting in antigenic variation is

Accepted Answer

A)  the influenza virus, which expresses alternative envelope proteins. 
B)  the strep bacteria, which can be communicated from patient to patient with high efficiency. 
C)  human papillomavirus, which can remain latent for several years. 
D)  the causative agent of the autoimmune disease known as rheumatoid arthritis. 
E)  multiple sclerosis, which attacks the myelinated cells of the nervous system. 
A)  the influenza virus, which expresses alternative envelope proteins. 
B)  the strep bacteria, which can be communicated from patient to patient with high efficiency. 
C)  human papillomavirus, which can remain latent for several years. 
D)  the causative agent of the autoimmune disease known as rheumatoid arthritis. 
E)  multiple sclerosis, which attacks the myelinated cells of the nervous system.

Question 13

Salmonella bacterial poisoning can be initiated when

Accepted Answer

A)  the microbe survives the acidic environment of the stomach and resists lysosomal degradation in macrophages. 
B)  there is a delay in selection of the population of eosinophils that recognize and fight these microbes. 
C)  microbes release chemical messengers that make them resistant to phagocytosis. 
D)  the combination of foods eaten at a meal reduces the pH of the stomach sufficiently so that ingested microbes are not destroyed. 
A)  the microbe survives the acidic environment of the stomach and resists lysosomal degradation in macrophages. 
B)  there is a delay in selection of the population of eosinophils that recognize and fight these microbes. 
C)  microbes release chemical messengers that make them resistant to phagocytosis. 
D)  the combination of foods eaten at a meal reduces the pH of the stomach sufficiently so that ingested microbes are not destroyed.

Question 14

The function of antibodies is to

Accepted Answer

A)  inject toxins into living pathogens. 
B)  secrete cytokines that attract macrophages to infection sites. 
C)  release perforins to disrupt infected cells. 
D)  act as Toll-like receptors. 
E)  mark pathogenic cells for destruction. 
A)  inject toxins into living pathogens. 
B)  secrete cytokines that attract macrophages to infection sites. 
C)  release perforins to disrupt infected cells. 
D)  act as Toll-like receptors. 
E)  mark pathogenic cells for destruction.

Question 15

Which type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is fed by nursing and ends when nursing ends?

Accepted Answer

A)  innate immunity 
B)  active immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  cell-mediated immunity 
E)  adaptive immunity 
A)  innate immunity 
B)  active immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  cell-mediated immunity 
E)  adaptive immunity

Question 16

Antigens are

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump. 
B)  foreign molecules that become embedded in B cell membranes. 
C)  proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
D)  foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies. 
E)  proteins released during an inflammatory response. 
A)  proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump. 
B)  foreign molecules that become embedded in B cell membranes. 
C)  proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
D)  foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies. 
E)  proteins released during an inflammatory response.

Question 17

In active immunity, but not passive immunity, there is

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition and activation of antibodies. 
B)  proliferation of lymphocytes in bone marrow. 
C)  the transfer of antibodies from the mother across the placenta. 
D)  the requirement for direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen. 
E)  the requirement of secretion of cytokines from T cells. 
A)  acquisition and activation of antibodies. 
B)  proliferation of lymphocytes in bone marrow. 
C)  the transfer of antibodies from the mother across the placenta. 
D)  the requirement for direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen. 
E)  the requirement of secretion of cytokines from T cells.

Question 18

Which cell type is incorrectly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cell-kills infected host cells 
B)  helper T cell-activates innate immune responses 
C)  plasma cell-produces antibodies 
D)  memory cell-gives rise to effector cells 
A)  cytotoxic T cell-kills infected host cells 
B)  helper T cell-activates innate immune responses 
C)  plasma cell-produces antibodies 
D)  memory cell-gives rise to effector cells

Question 19

Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens, including viral

Accepted Answer

A)  lipopolysaccharides. 
B)  double-stranded DNA. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  glycoproteins. 
E)  phospholipids. 
A)  lipopolysaccharides. 
B)  double-stranded DNA. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  glycoproteins. 
E)  phospholipids.

Question 20

The complement system is

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity. 
B)  a set of proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells and other CD8 cells. 
C)  a group of proteins that includes interferons. 
D)  a group of antimicrobial proteins that act together in a cascade fashion. 
E)  a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbes. 
A)  a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity. 
B)  a set of proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells and other CD8 cells. 
C)  a group of proteins that includes interferons. 
D)  a group of antimicrobial proteins that act together in a cascade fashion. 
E)  a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbes.

Exam 35: The Immune System

A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with

Which of the following cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and also respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes?

An epitope is

Clonal selection of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to production of

The cell-mediated immunity that destroys virally infected cells involves

Normal immune responses can be described as polyclonal because

Among the last line of defenses against prolonged exposure to an extracellular pathogen is

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by

Antibodies are made up of

Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial peptide (defensin or drosomycin) were tested for survival after infection with Micrococcus luteus bacteria and the results are shown in the figure below. What statement about these data is true? Figure 35.2

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because

An example of a pathogen that undergoes rapid changes resulting in antigenic variation is

Salmonella bacterial poisoning can be initiated when

The function of antibodies is to

Which type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is fed by nursing and ends when nursing ends?

Antigens are

In active immunity, but not passive immunity, there is

Which cell type is incorrectly matched with its function?

Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens, including viral

The complement system is

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

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Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

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