Question 1

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel 
B)  movement of water into a cell through aquaporins 
C)  movement of sodium ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid 
D)  movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell 
E)  movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium 
A)  facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel 
B)  movement of water into a cell through aquaporins 
C)  movement of sodium ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid 
D)  movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell 
E)  movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium

Question 2

Figure 5.1
For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in Figure 5.1 with its description.
-Which component in the figure is cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 3

When a neuron responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels, the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor 
B)  relay molecule 
C)  signal molecule 
D)  transducer 
E)  molecule protein 
A)  receptor 
B)  relay molecule 
C)  signal molecule 
D)  transducer 
E)  molecule protein

Question 4

An integral membrane protein would have to be

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophilic. 
B)  hydrophobic. 
C)  amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region. 
D)  exposed to water on only one surface of the membrane. 
A)  hydrophilic. 
B)  hydrophobic. 
C)  amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region. 
D)  exposed to water on only one surface of the membrane.

Question 5

The primary structural components of the cell membrane are

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipids and cellulose. 
B)  phospholipids and proteins. 
C)  cholesterol and proteins. 
D)  proteins and cellulose. 
E)  glycoproteins and cholesterol. 
A)  phospholipids and cellulose. 
B)  phospholipids and proteins. 
C)  cholesterol and proteins. 
D)  proteins and cellulose. 
E)  glycoproteins and cholesterol.

Question 6

A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is

Accepted Answer

A)  a transmembrane protein. 
B)  a glycoprotein. 
C)  a peripheral protein. 
D)  an extracellular matrix protein. 
A)  a transmembrane protein. 
B)  a glycoprotein. 
C)  a peripheral protein. 
D)  an extracellular matrix protein.

Question 7

Proteins that allow the diffusion of ions across membranes in the direction of their concentration gradients are most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  channel proteins. 
B)  carrier proteins. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  active transport pumps. 
A)  channel proteins. 
B)  carrier proteins. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  active transport pumps.

Question 8

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisomes. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  Golgi vesicles. 
D)  vacuoles. 
E)  secretory vesicles. 
A)  peroxisomes. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  Golgi vesicles. 
D)  vacuoles. 
E)  secretory vesicles.

Question 9

Figure 5.1
For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in Figure 5.1 with its description.
-Which component in the figure is a peripheral protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 10

Sutherland discovered that the signaling molecule epinephrine

Accepted Answer

A)  increases concentrations of cyclic AMP in the cytoplasm. 
B)  causes lower blood glucose by binding to liver cells. 
C)  binds to a cytosolic receptor inside muscle cells. 
D)  interacts directly with glycogen phosphorylase. 
A)  increases concentrations of cyclic AMP in the cytoplasm. 
B)  causes lower blood glucose by binding to liver cells. 
C)  binds to a cytosolic receptor inside muscle cells. 
D)  interacts directly with glycogen phosphorylase.

Question 11

Figure 5.4
Five dialysis bags, constructed from a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10-minute intervals, the bags were massed (weighed) and the percent change in mass of each bag was graphed. Refer to Figure 5.4 to answer the following question(s).
-Which line in the graph represents the bag with the highest initial concentration of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 12

Immediately following binding of a growth factor, an activated receptor would most likely stimulate

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of a protein kinase. 
B)  activation of adenylyl cyclase. 
C)  activation of a calcium-binding protein. 
D)  activation of a protein phosphatase. 
A)  activation of a protein kinase. 
B)  activation of adenylyl cyclase. 
C)  activation of a calcium-binding protein. 
D)  activation of a protein phosphatase.

Question 13

Transport of potassium ions into an animal cell by the sodium-potassium pump requires

Accepted Answer

A)  low intracellular concentrations of sodium. 
B)  high intracellular concentrations of sodium. 
C)  high intracellular concentrations of potassium. 
D)  low intracellular concentrations of potassium. 
E)  energy from ATP. 
A)  low intracellular concentrations of sodium. 
B)  high intracellular concentrations of sodium. 
C)  high intracellular concentrations of potassium. 
D)  low intracellular concentrations of potassium. 
E)  energy from ATP.

Question 14

You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. In order for this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following would be a factor that determines whether the molecule selectively enters the target cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood or tissue type of the patient 
B)  lack of charge on the drug molecule 
C)  similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules transported by the target cells 
D)  lipid composition of the target cells' plasma membrane 
A)  blood or tissue type of the patient 
B)  lack of charge on the drug molecule 
C)  similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules transported by the target cells 
D)  lipid composition of the target cells' plasma membrane

Question 15

Based on the figure below, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration 
B)  decreasing extracellular pH 
C)  decreasing cytoplasmic pH 
D)  adding a substance that makes the membrane more permeable to hydrogen ions 
A)  decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration 
B)  decreasing extracellular pH 
C)  decreasing cytoplasmic pH 
D)  adding a substance that makes the membrane more permeable to hydrogen ions

Question 16

Figure 5.5
-Which of the following types of signaling is represented in Figure 5.5?

Accepted Answer

A)  autocrine 
B)  paracrine 
C)  hormonal 
D)  synaptic 
A)  autocrine 
B)  paracrine 
C)  hormonal 
D)  synaptic

Question 17

The secretion of a signal molecule by a cell into the local environment, followed by a response by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal signaling. 
B)  synaptic signaling. 
C)  endocrine signaling. 
D)  paracrine signaling. 
E)  extracellular matrix signaling. 
A)  hormonal signaling. 
B)  synaptic signaling. 
C)  endocrine signaling. 
D)  paracrine signaling. 
E)  extracellular matrix signaling.

Question 18

In general, a signal transmitted via a phosphorylation cascade

Accepted Answer

A)  is initiated by a phosphorylase enzyme. 
B)  is propagated by a steroid receptor. 
C)  results in a conformational change in each phosphorylated protein. 
D)  is turned off by a kinase enzyme. 
A)  is initiated by a phosphorylase enzyme. 
B)  is propagated by a steroid receptor. 
C)  results in a conformational change in each phosphorylated protein. 
D)  is turned off by a kinase enzyme.

Question 19

The primary function of transcription factors is

Accepted Answer

A)  to regulate the conversion of ATP into cAMP. 
B)  to regulate DNA synthesis. 
C)  to regulate gene expression. 
D)  to transmit signals from an activated receptor to intracellular G proteins. 
A)  to regulate the conversion of ATP into cAMP. 
B)  to regulate DNA synthesis. 
C)  to regulate gene expression. 
D)  to transmit signals from an activated receptor to intracellular G proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following enzymes adds a phosphate group to target proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  kinase 
B)  phosphatase 
C)  glycogen phosphorylase 
D)  adenylyl cyclase 
A)  kinase 
B)  phosphatase 
C)  glycogen phosphorylase 
D)  adenylyl cyclase

Exam 5: Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis?

Figure 5.1 For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in Figure 5.1 with its description. -Which component in the figure is cholesterol?

When a neuron responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels, the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway?

An integral membrane protein would have to be

The primary structural components of the cell membrane are

A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is

Proteins that allow the diffusion of ions across membranes in the direction of their concentration gradients are most likely

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in

Figure 5.1 For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in Figure 5.1 with its description. -Which component in the figure is a peripheral protein?

Sutherland discovered that the signaling molecule epinephrine

Immediately following binding of a growth factor, an activated receptor would most likely stimulate

Transport of potassium ions into an animal cell by the sodium-potassium pump requires

You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. In order for this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following would be a factor that determines whether the molecule selectively enters the target cells?

Based on the figure below, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into a plant cell?

Figure 5.5 -Which of the following types of signaling is represented in Figure 5.5?

The secretion of a signal molecule by a cell into the local environment, followed by a response by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity, is an example of

In general, a signal transmitted via a phosphorylation cascade

The primary function of transcription factors is

Which of the following enzymes adds a phosphate group to target proteins?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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