Question 1

Ken is able to perform mathematical operations only if he can use manipulatives and familiar examples in working up his answers.Ken is in Piaget's __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) formal operations 
B) sensorimotor 
C) concrete operations 
D) preoperational 
A) formal operations 
B) sensorimotor 
C) concrete operations 
D) preoperational

Question 2

If the false-belief task is modified to involve real-world situations,children younger than four years old can pass this task.This finding suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) children may have an adequate understanding of others' knowledge at younger ages,but their failure may have been related to aspects of the original false-belief task itself. 
B) while children may be able to pass a modified task,they have not yet developed theory of mind. 
C) children can only demonstrate awareness of others' knowledge when tasks involve tangible conservation-type problems but not abstract reasoning. 
D) the false-belief task may not be a good indicator of theory of mind as research studies have failed to replicate these effects with other theory of mind tests. 
A) children may have an adequate understanding of others' knowledge at younger ages,but their failure may have been related to aspects of the original false-belief task itself. 
B) while children may be able to pass a modified task,they have not yet developed theory of mind. 
C) children can only demonstrate awareness of others' knowledge when tasks involve tangible conservation-type problems but not abstract reasoning. 
D) the false-belief task may not be a good indicator of theory of mind as research studies have failed to replicate these effects with other theory of mind tests.

Question 3

Ben rescues a cat from an alley in his neighbourhood.The cat is about two years old and appears to have lived on the street since it was born.Despite what Ben tries,he is having a lot of trouble getting the cat behave less "wildly" and to bond with him.According to attachment research,what is the best explanation for this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Kittens have a critical period for bonding to humans within the first week after birth. 
B) Wild cats take a while to respond to touch but will eventually experience contact comfort. 
C) Animals that have been abandoned also develop insecure attachment styles. 
D) Cats appear to have a sensitive period after which bonding to humans is difficult. 
A) Kittens have a critical period for bonding to humans within the first week after birth. 
B) Wild cats take a while to respond to touch but will eventually experience contact comfort. 
C) Animals that have been abandoned also develop insecure attachment styles. 
D) Cats appear to have a sensitive period after which bonding to humans is difficult.

Question 4

Research has demonstrated that our difficulty in grasping the "hard sciences" may result from

Accepted Answer

A) our lack of ability to properly grasp the permanence of objects. 
B) failure to apply physical conservation principles to abstract thinking. 
C) an inability to apply scaffolding techniques to scientific principles. 
D) childish notions that we do not outgrow,such as attributing intention to objects. 
A) our lack of ability to properly grasp the permanence of objects. 
B) failure to apply physical conservation principles to abstract thinking. 
C) an inability to apply scaffolding techniques to scientific principles. 
D) childish notions that we do not outgrow,such as attributing intention to objects.

Question 5

Which type of thought does not begin until the stage of formal operational thought?

Accepted Answer

A) Thinking about what is possible 
B) Thinking about what is logical 
C) Thinking about whether an object exists when it is out of sight 
D) Thinking about only one feature of an object rather than taking all features into consideration 
A) Thinking about what is possible 
B) Thinking about what is logical 
C) Thinking about whether an object exists when it is out of sight 
D) Thinking about only one feature of an object rather than taking all features into consideration

Question 6

__________ refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

A) Nature;nurture 
B) Cognition;emotion 
C) Nurture;behavioural genetics 
D) Cross-sectional;longitudinal 
A) Nature;nurture 
B) Cognition;emotion 
C) Nurture;behavioural genetics 
D) Cross-sectional;longitudinal

Question 7

Sue has devoted so much time to her engineering career that,at age 70,she has never been free to pursue many of her personal interests.Sue's feelings of missed opportunities suggest a sense of

Accepted Answer

A) generativity. 
B) alienation. 
C) stagnation. 
D) despair. 
A) generativity. 
B) alienation. 
C) stagnation. 
D) despair.

Question 8

The size of the head,in proportion to the rest of the body,is about __________ percent of the total height when an individual is five months old.

Accepted Answer

A) 15 
B) 20 
C) 25 
D) 30 
A) 15 
B) 20 
C) 25 
D) 30

Question 9

Concluding that the results of the "Strange Situation" test determine an infant's attachment is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) high reliability. 
B) the mono-operation bias. 
C) the confirmation bias. 
D) a lack of falsifiability. 
A) high reliability. 
B) the mono-operation bias. 
C) the confirmation bias. 
D) a lack of falsifiability.

Question 10

According to Piaget,what are the two adjustment processes that children use to maintain equilibration?

Accepted Answer

A) Sensorimotor experiences and egocentrism 
B) Concrete and formal operations 
C) Accommodation and assimilation 
D) Object permanence and conservation 
A) Sensorimotor experiences and egocentrism 
B) Concrete and formal operations 
C) Accommodation and assimilation 
D) Object permanence and conservation

Question 11

What is the best explanation for why the age of menarche has decreased over the past century from around 15 to around 13 years of age?

Accepted Answer

A) Advances in technology correspond to an earlier age of being able to carry an infant to term. 
B) Evolutionary changes are linked to taller and more physically strong women that develop earlier. 
C) The change is probably due primarily to better nutrition and health care. 
D) The decrease reflects the revolving cycle where women are having children younger and,in turn,the age of reproduction of their children is younger,and so on. 
A) Advances in technology correspond to an earlier age of being able to carry an infant to term. 
B) Evolutionary changes are linked to taller and more physically strong women that develop earlier. 
C) The change is probably due primarily to better nutrition and health care. 
D) The decrease reflects the revolving cycle where women are having children younger and,in turn,the age of reproduction of their children is younger,and so on.

Question 12

The human brain begins to develop

Accepted Answer

A) 18 days after fertilization. 
B) by the ninth week. 
C) by the second trimester. 
D) by the end of the sixth month. 
A) 18 days after fertilization. 
B) by the ninth week. 
C) by the second trimester. 
D) by the end of the sixth month.

Question 13

During the __________ stage of development,a child will not have developed object permanence.

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operational 
B) formal operational 
C) preoperational 
D) sensorimotor 
A) concrete operational 
B) formal operational 
C) preoperational 
D) sensorimotor

Question 14

The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception to death is called

Accepted Answer

A) abnormal psychology. 
B) gerontology. 
C) human development. 
D) maturational studies. 
A) abnormal psychology. 
B) gerontology. 
C) human development. 
D) maturational studies.

Question 15

At what stage of moral development is moral thought guided by principles that have been decided upon by the individual and may be in disagreement with accepted social norms?

Accepted Answer

A) Formal conventional 
B) Postconventional 
C) Conventional 
D) Preconventional 
A) Formal conventional 
B) Postconventional 
C) Conventional 
D) Preconventional

Question 16

According to theory assumptions,which of the following is true concerning Kohlberg and Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A) Like Piaget's stage theory,Kohlberg's theory is composed of four distinctly separate stages. 
B) Reaching the postconventional stage requires functioning at Piaget's preoperational stage. 
C) Reaching the postconventional stage requires functioning at Piaget's formal operations stage. 
D) Levels of moral development are unrelated to levels of cognitive development. 
A) Like Piaget's stage theory,Kohlberg's theory is composed of four distinctly separate stages. 
B) Reaching the postconventional stage requires functioning at Piaget's preoperational stage. 
C) Reaching the postconventional stage requires functioning at Piaget's formal operations stage. 
D) Levels of moral development are unrelated to levels of cognitive development.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is illustrative of the post hoc fallacy?

Accepted Answer

A) Believing that because someone is specially trained,he or she is more likely to become a professional athlete 
B) Believing that because someone has benefitted from the best coaching,he or she will have a good chance of becoming a professional athlete 
C) Believing that because someone is muscular in body type,he or she is more likely to become a professional athlete 
D) Believing that because most professional athletes lift weights,weightlifting produces professional athletes 
A) Believing that because someone is specially trained,he or she is more likely to become a professional athlete 
B) Believing that because someone has benefitted from the best coaching,he or she will have a good chance of becoming a professional athlete 
C) Believing that because someone is muscular in body type,he or she is more likely to become a professional athlete 
D) Believing that because most professional athletes lift weights,weightlifting produces professional athletes

Question 18

Jane helps her daughter Carla fit pieces of a puzzle onto a board and gradually helps less as Carla seems to get the hang of it.According to Vygotsky,Jane is using what process to aid cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Accommodation 
B) Scaffolding 
C) Conservation 
D) Zone of proximal development 
A) Accommodation 
B) Scaffolding 
C) Conservation 
D) Zone of proximal development

Question 19

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called

Accepted Answer

A) temperament. 
B) trust. 
C) attachment. 
D) habituation. 
A) temperament. 
B) trust. 
C) attachment. 
D) habituation.

Question 20

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Trust versus mistrust 
B) Initiative versus guilt 
C) Industry versus inferiority 
D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt 
A) Trust versus mistrust 
B) Initiative versus guilt 
C) Industry versus inferiority 
D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Exam 10: D: Human Development

Ken is able to perform mathematical operations only if he can use manipulatives and familiar examples in working up his answers.Ken is in Piaget's __________ stage.

If the false-belief task is modified to involve real-world situations,children younger than four years old can pass this task.This finding suggests that

Research has demonstrated that our difficulty in grasping the "hard sciences" may result from

Which type of thought does not begin until the stage of formal operational thought?

__________ refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences.

Sue has devoted so much time to her engineering career that,at age 70,she has never been free to pursue many of her personal interests.Sue's feelings of missed opportunities suggest a sense of

The size of the head,in proportion to the rest of the body,is about __________ percent of the total height when an individual is five months old.

Concluding that the results of the "Strange Situation" test determine an infant's attachment is associated with

According to Piaget,what are the two adjustment processes that children use to maintain equilibration?

What is the best explanation for why the age of menarche has decreased over the past century from around 15 to around 13 years of age?

The human brain begins to develop

During the __________ stage of development,a child will not have developed object permanence.

The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception to death is called

At what stage of moral development is moral thought guided by principles that have been decided upon by the individual and may be in disagreement with accepted social norms?

According to theory assumptions,which of the following is true concerning Kohlberg and Piaget?

Which of the following statements is illustrative of the post hoc fallacy?

Jane helps her daughter Carla fit pieces of a puzzle onto a board and gradually helps less as Carla seems to get the hang of it.According to Vygotsky,Jane is using what process to aid cognitive development?

The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behaviour?

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological and Biological Treatments

refers to heredity and refers to environmental influences.