Question 1

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects,Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to

Accepted Answer

A) biological changes in the brain. 
B) unconscious factors. 
C) interaction between a child and skilled people. 
D) completing activities in isolation. 
A) biological changes in the brain. 
B) unconscious factors. 
C) interaction between a child and skilled people. 
D) completing activities in isolation.

Question 2

Your little sister picks up objects,feels every part of them,and then puts them in her mouth.What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behaviour suggest she is in?

Accepted Answer

A) Formal operational 
B) Preoperational 
C) Sensorimotor 
D) Concrete operational 
A) Formal operational 
B) Preoperational 
C) Sensorimotor 
D) Concrete operational

Question 3

Regarding Heinz's dilemma,a person who decides not to steal the drug for fear of being imprisoned is reasoning at the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) preconventional 
B) formal conventional 
C) postconventional 
D) conventional 
A) preconventional 
B) formal conventional 
C) postconventional 
D) conventional

Question 4

Which of the following cognitive changes associated with adulthood is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Crystallized intelligence tends to stay the same or increase with age. 
B) Aging adults show relatively little decline remembering random lists of words. 
C) Cued and recognition recall decline with age,although free recall remains intact. 
D) Older adults perform worse on vocabulary and knowledge tests relative to younger adults. 
A) Crystallized intelligence tends to stay the same or increase with age. 
B) Aging adults show relatively little decline remembering random lists of words. 
C) Cued and recognition recall decline with age,although free recall remains intact. 
D) Older adults perform worse on vocabulary and knowledge tests relative to younger adults.

Question 5

According to Piaget,the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object's nature is known as

Accepted Answer

A) centration. 
B) object permanence. 
C) conservation. 
D) reversibility. 
A) centration. 
B) object permanence. 
C) conservation. 
D) reversibility.

Question 6

Responses to moral dilemmas are only moderately correlated with actual behaviour.Which of the following may be seen to increase the strength of correlations between hypothetical responses and actual behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Posing dilemmas focused on life-or-death decisions that will lead to more honest responding 
B) Posing dilemmas focused on light-hearted subjects that will put respondents more at ease 
C) Posing dilemmas focused on realistic situations that are likely to be faced on a regular basis 
D) Posing dilemmas focused on abstract situations not likely to be faced by respondents 
A) Posing dilemmas focused on life-or-death decisions that will lead to more honest responding 
B) Posing dilemmas focused on light-hearted subjects that will put respondents more at ease 
C) Posing dilemmas focused on realistic situations that are likely to be faced on a regular basis 
D) Posing dilemmas focused on abstract situations not likely to be faced by respondents

Question 7

According to Erikson,if an elementary school child fails to succeed in learning new skills and knowledge,the result may be the development of a sense of

Accepted Answer

A) stagnation. 
B) inferiority. 
C) shame and doubt. 
D) role confusion. 
A) stagnation. 
B) inferiority. 
C) shame and doubt. 
D) role confusion.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

Accepted Answer

A) The period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining 
B) The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop 
C) The period during which the umbilical cord develops 
D) The period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional 
A) The period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining 
B) The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop 
C) The period during which the umbilical cord develops 
D) The period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional

Question 9

What percentage of children could be classified as behaviourally inhibited?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 15 
C) 25 
D) 40 
A) 10 
B) 15 
C) 25 
D) 40

Question 10

When placed in "Strange Situations" with surrogate mothers,Harlow's monkeys demonstrated signs of

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting. 
B) authoritative attachment. 
C) insecure attachment. 
D) stranger anxiety. 
A) imprinting. 
B) authoritative attachment. 
C) insecure attachment. 
D) stranger anxiety.

Question 11

Asking students to predict how the course of history may have changed if the first prime minister were a woman would likely motivate students in which of Piaget's stages to answer thoroughly?

Accepted Answer

A) Sensorimotor 
B) Preoperational 
C) Formal operations 
D) Concrete operations 
A) Sensorimotor 
B) Preoperational 
C) Formal operations 
D) Concrete operations

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A) A young child imitates the behaviours of older siblings. 
B) A young child's behaviour is influenced by peer pressure. 
C) Young geese demonstrate an attachment to a round ball. 
D) Young geese scatter away in fear when a ball approaches them. 
A) A young child imitates the behaviours of older siblings. 
B) A young child's behaviour is influenced by peer pressure. 
C) Young geese demonstrate an attachment to a round ball. 
D) Young geese scatter away in fear when a ball approaches them.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding Piaget's and Erikson's theories?

Accepted Answer

A) Children in Piaget's preoperational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of development. 
B) Children in Piaget's concrete operational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage of development. 
C) Children in Piaget's formal operational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of development. 
D) Children in Piaget's preoperational stage should also be working on issues in identity versus identity confusion stage of development. 
A) Children in Piaget's preoperational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of development. 
B) Children in Piaget's concrete operational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage of development. 
C) Children in Piaget's formal operational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of development. 
D) Children in Piaget's preoperational stage should also be working on issues in identity versus identity confusion stage of development.

Question 14

A zookeeper finds that a flock of geese follow her wherever she moves because she is the first object that they see after hatching.What is this situation an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) Imprinting 
B) Trust 
C) Contact comfort 
D) Insecure attachment 
A) Imprinting 
B) Trust 
C) Contact comfort 
D) Insecure attachment

Question 15

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?

Accepted Answer

A) The nature of gestural communication between mothers and babies 
B) Aspects of purposeful exploration as the baby investigates a strange environment 
C) Parental discipline styles in the first year of life 
D) The nature of attachment between caretakers and babies 
A) The nature of gestural communication between mothers and babies 
B) Aspects of purposeful exploration as the baby investigates a strange environment 
C) Parental discipline styles in the first year of life 
D) The nature of attachment between caretakers and babies

Question 16

In Erikson's __________ stage of psychosocial development,preschoolers are challenged to control their own behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) trust versus mistrust 
B) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
C) initiative versus guilt 
D) industry versus inferiority 
A) trust versus mistrust 
B) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
C) initiative versus guilt 
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 17

According to Erikson's model of identity,we confront a series of __________ during each stage of social development.

Accepted Answer

A) identity challenges 
B) cognitive limitations 
C) psychosocial crises 
D) psychosexual drives 
A) identity challenges 
B) cognitive limitations 
C) psychosocial crises 
D) psychosexual drives

Question 18

What is one of the most difficult mathematical concepts for children to master?

Accepted Answer

A) Counting in a numerical series 
B) That the size of entities is irrelevant to quantity 
C) Numeric words refer to specific quantities of an object 
D) The ordinality of numbers 
A) Counting in a numerical series 
B) That the size of entities is irrelevant to quantity 
C) Numeric words refer to specific quantities of an object 
D) The ordinality of numbers

Question 19

In the process of fertilization,the __________ and __________ unite,resulting in a single cell.

Accepted Answer

A) sperm;egg 
B) zygote;sperm 
C) embryo;zygote 
D) egg;fetus 
A) sperm;egg 
B) zygote;sperm 
C) embryo;zygote 
D) egg;fetus

Question 20

Which of the following statements is representative of Vygotsky's approach to learning?

Accepted Answer

A) One's course of cognitive development can be significantly influenced by instructional style and scaffolding. 
B) All children pass through the same cognitive developmental stages at similar points in time. 
C) One's course of cognitive development is genetically fixed and cannot be significantly influenced by social factors. 
D) To prevent frustration,children should be presented with tasks that they can fully complete unaided. 
A) One's course of cognitive development can be significantly influenced by instructional style and scaffolding. 
B) All children pass through the same cognitive developmental stages at similar points in time. 
C) One's course of cognitive development is genetically fixed and cannot be significantly influenced by social factors. 
D) To prevent frustration,children should be presented with tasks that they can fully complete unaided.

Exam 10: D: Human Development

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects,Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to

Your little sister picks up objects,feels every part of them,and then puts them in her mouth.What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behaviour suggest she is in?

Regarding Heinz's dilemma,a person who decides not to steal the drug for fear of being imprisoned is reasoning at the __________ stage.

Which of the following cognitive changes associated with adulthood is true?

According to Piaget,the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object's nature is known as

Responses to moral dilemmas are only moderately correlated with actual behaviour.Which of the following may be seen to increase the strength of correlations between hypothetical responses and actual behaviour?

According to Erikson,if an elementary school child fails to succeed in learning new skills and knowledge,the result may be the development of a sense of

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

What percentage of children could be classified as behaviourally inhibited?

When placed in "Strange Situations" with surrogate mothers,Harlow's monkeys demonstrated signs of

Asking students to predict how the course of history may have changed if the first prime minister were a woman would likely motivate students in which of Piaget's stages to answer thoroughly?

Which of the following is an example of imprinting?

Which of the following is true regarding Piaget's and Erikson's theories?

A zookeeper finds that a flock of geese follow her wherever she moves because she is the first object that they see after hatching.What is this situation an example of?

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?

In Erikson's __________ stage of psychosocial development,preschoolers are challenged to control their own behaviour.

According to Erikson's model of identity,we confront a series of __________ during each stage of social development.

What is one of the most difficult mathematical concepts for children to master?

In the process of fertilization,the __________ and __________ unite,resulting in a single cell.

Which of the following statements is representative of Vygotsky's approach to learning?

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

In the process of fertilization,the and unite,resulting in a single cell.