Question 1

Alteration of the ________ structure of a protein can transform the protein into an infectious agent known as a prion.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary B

Question 2

A substance in which other substances are dissolved is known as a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  solute 
B)  acid 
C)  solvent 
D)  buffer 
A)  solute 
B)  acid 
C)  solvent 
D)  buffer C

Question 3

Radioactive iodine (131I) is commonly used in medical situations for diagnosing and treating thyroid conditions. The most common isotope of iodine that is not radioactive is 127I. Chemically, what is the difference between 127I and 131I? What do they have in common?

Accepted Answer

The difference between the two isotopes of iodine is their weights (or mass). This is due to a difference in the number of neutrons present in each isotope. These isotopes have in common their atomic number (number of protons), which is what makes them both iodine.

Question 4

A molecule with hydrophobic properties and polar molecular attributes would be called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A molecule with hydrophobic properties and polar...

Question 5

A substance consists of weak acids or bases designed to maintain a specific pH of a solution within a cell or a biological system. Which of the following describes this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer 
B)  catalyst 
C)  pH 
D)  acids 
A)  buffer 
B)  catalyst 
C)  pH 
D)  acids

Question 6

Oxygen, with an atomic number of 8, is a neutral atom and has ________ electrons in the first electron shell and ________ electrons in the second electron shell.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; 7 
B)  5; 3 
C)  4; 4 
D)  2; 6 
E)  3; 5 
A)  1; 7 
B)  5; 3 
C)  4; 4 
D)  2; 6 
E)  3; 5

Question 7

Explain the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins. How would a change to the DNA ultimately affect proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a nucleic acid that codes for spe

Question 8

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons. 
B)  Covalent bonds involve the attraction between slightly charged molecules, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction between two fully charged ions. 
C)  Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction of slightly charged atoms. 
D)  Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. 
A)  Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the sharing of protons. 
B)  Covalent bonds involve the attraction between slightly charged molecules, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction between two fully charged ions. 
C)  Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the attraction of slightly charged atoms. 
D)  Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 9

This nucleotide is found in RNA but not in DNA: ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This nucleotide is found in RNA but...

Question 10

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process is called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A protein that speeds up chemical reactions...

Question 11

Water has very special properties that not all chemicals share. Which of the following is not a property of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  is nonpolar 
B)  prevents wide temperature fluctuations 
C)  requires a lot of energy to evaporate it 
D)  interacts with lots of different substances 
A)  is nonpolar 
B)  prevents wide temperature fluctuations 
C)  requires a lot of energy to evaporate it 
D)  interacts with lots of different substances

Question 12

If I tested your intestinal fluid and found that it was basic, which of the pH values listed would best describe this solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.8 
B)  3.2 
C)  1.2 
D)  8.0 
A)  6.8 
B)  3.2 
C)  1.2 
D)  8.0

Question 13

The interaction between two polar molecules would involve ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonds 
B)  peptide bonds 
C)  covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic bonds 
B)  peptide bonds 
C)  covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds

Question 14

When an electron moves from the outer shell of one element to the outer shell of another element, a(n) ________ bond has been created.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an electron moves from the outer...

Question 15

________ is the process of using water to break down polymers to their monomer subunits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the process of using water...

Question 16

A polysaccharide that is made by plants and can usually be digested by humans is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A polysaccharide that is made by plants...

Question 17

When a new food product is being analyzed for nutritional content, the food will be subjected to hydrolysis in the lab. The end products are analyzed to determine, for example, fat and sugar content. Suppose a lab is analyzing a new product that claims to be fat free. After the hydrolysis of the product is complete, the examiners find glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids. Is this product free of fat? Justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

This product is not fat free because it

Question 18

The energy-storing polysaccharide that can be found mainly in liver and muscle cells is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The energy-storing polysaccharide that can be found...

Question 19

Any substance that when dissolved in water will give off H+ ions is referred to as a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 
B)  buffer 
C)  catalyst 
D)  acid 
A)  pH 
B)  buffer 
C)  catalyst 
D)  acid

Question 20

Which of the following carbohydrates is made by plants and is not digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose 
B)  starch 
C)  cellulose 
D)  glycogen 
A)  lactose 
B)  starch 
C)  cellulose 
D)  glycogen

Exam 3: Chemistry Comes to Life

Alteration of the ________ structure of a protein can transform the protein into an infectious agent known as a prion.

A substance in which other substances are dissolved is known as a(n) ________.

Radioactive iodine (131I) is commonly used in medical situations for diagnosing and treating thyroid conditions. The most common isotope of iodine that is not radioactive is 127I. Chemically, what is the difference between 127I and 131I? What do they have in common?

A molecule with hydrophobic properties and polar molecular attributes would be called a(n) ________.

A substance consists of weak acids or bases designed to maintain a specific pH of a solution within a cell or a biological system. Which of the following describes this substance?

Oxygen, with an atomic number of 8, is a neutral atom and has ________ electrons in the first electron shell and ________ electrons in the second electron shell.

Explain the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins. How would a change to the DNA ultimately affect proteins?

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

This nucleotide is found in RNA but not in DNA: ________.

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process is called a(n) ________.

Water has very special properties that not all chemicals share. Which of the following is not a property of water?

If I tested your intestinal fluid and found that it was basic, which of the pH values listed would best describe this solution?

The interaction between two polar molecules would involve ________.

When an electron moves from the outer shell of one element to the outer shell of another element, a(n) ________ bond has been created.

________ is the process of using water to break down polymers to their monomer subunits.

A polysaccharide that is made by plants and can usually be digested by humans is ________.

The energy-storing polysaccharide that can be found mainly in liver and muscle cells is called ________.

Any substance that when dissolved in water will give off H+ ions is referred to as a(n) ________.

Which of the following carbohydrates is made by plants and is not digested by humans?

Humans in the World of Biology

Becoming a Patient: a Major Decision

The Cell

Body Organization and Homeostasis

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

Neurons: the Matter of the Mind

The Nervous System

Special Topic: Drugs and the Mind

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Special Topic: Diabetes Mellitus

Blood

The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Special Topic: Cardiovascular Disease

Body Defense Mechanisms

Special Topic: Infectious Disease

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System and Nutrition

Special Topic: the Obesity Epidemic

The Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Special Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Aids

Development Throughout Life

Special Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Chromosomes and Cell Division

Stem Cellsa Repair Kit for the Body

Genetics and Human Inheritance

DNA and Biotechnology

Special Topic: Cancer

Evolution and Our Heritage

Ecology, the Environment, and Us

Human Population, Limited Resources, and Pollution

Filters

Radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) is commonly used in medical situations for diagnosing and treating thyroid conditions. The most common isotope of iodine that is not radioactive is ¹²⁷I. Chemically, what is the difference between ¹²⁷I and ¹³¹I? What do they have in common?

Oxygen, with an atomic number of 8, is a neutral atom and has electrons in the first electron shell and electrons in the second electron shell.

Any substance that when dissolved in water will give off H⁺ ions is referred to as a(n) ________.