Exam 7: The Muscular System

Which of the following attaches the end of the muscle to a bone?

Which muscle cells are designed for endurance?

Myasthenia gravis is a disease caused by the immune system that attacks the acetylcholine receptors found on muscle cells. What effect would blocking these receptors have on muscle contraction?

Which substance is released by motor neurons to stimulate a contraction?

Turkey is often served at Thanksgiving meals in which family members vie for portions of white or dark meat. Why is the breast meat of a turkey whiter in appearance than the darker meat found in the leg muscles?

During muscle contraction, the heads of myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of a ________ (the contractile unit of muscle).

________ pairs up with troponin proteins to form a complex that blocks muscle contractions.

After a period of exercise, a person will breathe heavily for some time after the activity has ceased. What is happening during this time as the oxygen debt is being paid?

When a myosin head binds to an actin molecule in order to contract a muscle, this is formed: ________.

Describe the four traits that all muscle types share.

The arrangement of muscles so that the action of one muscle is opposite to that of its partner is referred to as ________.

The striations (lines) of skeletal muscles are caused by the arrangement of many elongated ________.

Someone who has broken an arm and has had a cast on it for months will notice a distinct shrinking of the arm once the cast is removed. Why does this happen?

If it were possible to have antagonistic muscle pairs in an arm contract simultaneously, what movement would the arm make?

When a muscle is stimulated before the muscle can fully relax, it can cause ________.

Which of these muscles would be most involved in a forcible exhalation, as in a sneeze?

Steve decides to make a meal for some of his friends. He uses a variety of foods to prepare the meal, including some canned mushrooms. Unfortunately, he gives his friends a mild case of botulism food poisoning. His friends report blurred vision and trouble speaking due to a flaccid paralysis of the muscle cells by the botulinum toxin. Propose a mechanism by which this toxin would inhibit muscle contraction.

When the O2 in the muscles of an individual who has exercised for a long period of time is used up, this condition is known as ________.

________ is a condition in which there is an excessive stress on a tendon, causing inflammation.