Question 1

Explain the ABO blood system and why is it important to fully understand this system in regard to blood transfusions.

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins (antigens) are located on the surface of the red blood cells and are genetically inherited. Understanding the ABO blood system is extremely important, especially when transfusing blood. If a blood cell contains the A antigen on its surface, this is type A blood. If a B antigen is present, the blood is type B. If both antigens are present on the surface of a blood cell, this person is type AB. When the blood cell lacks A and B antigens, the blood is type O. If type A blood is introduced to type B blood, the blood will agglutinate because both blood types have antibodies against the other. Individuals with type AB blood can receive blood that is type A, B, AB, or O. Type O can be donated without the risk of agglutination because this blood type lacks A and B antigens and produces no response. In contrast, people with O type can receive only type O blood.

Question 2

A person who cannot make enough of the plasma protein ________ might have problems with water balance.

Accepted Answer

albumin

Question 3

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pernicious anemia 
B)  Epstein-Barr virus 
C)  lead poisoning 
D)  blood doping 
A)  pernicious anemia 
B)  Epstein-Barr virus 
C)  lead poisoning 
D)  blood doping B

Question 4

A doctor is treating a patient who has some form of anemia. First, the doctor tries to give the patient extra vitamins that contain iron, to no effect. There is no evidence of lead poisoning. The doctor tries an injection of vitamin B12, and the anemia is under control. What type of anemia did the patient have?

Accepted Answer

A)  iron-deficiency anemia 
B)  sickle-cell anemia 
C)  pernicious anemia 
D)  hemorrhagic anemia 
A)  iron-deficiency anemia 
B)  sickle-cell anemia 
C)  pernicious anemia 
D)  hemorrhagic anemia

Question 5

Which protein transports oxygen in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasminogen 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  erythropoietin 
D)  thrombin 
A)  plasminogen 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  erythropoietin 
D)  thrombin

Question 6

Activated thrombin makes this protein change.

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrinogen 
B)  agglutinate 
C)  plasmin 
D)  prothrombin 
A)  fibrinogen 
B)  agglutinate 
C)  plasmin 
D)  prothrombin

Question 7

The group of white blood cells that lacks visible granules in the cytoplasm is called ________. Included in this group are monocytes and lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The group of white blood cells that...

Question 8

An embolus could block blood flow to the ________, resulting in a myocardial infarction, or it may block blood in the ________ and cause a stroke.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain; heart 
B)  heart; kidney 
C)  heart; brain 
D)  brain; kidney 
E)  liver; kidney 
A)  brain; heart 
B)  heart; kidney 
C)  heart; brain 
D)  brain; kidney 
E)  liver; kidney

Question 9

An Rh-positive baby can cause an Rh-negative mother to produce antibodies against the Rh antigen. When is this a problem?

Accepted Answer

This is a problem during a subsequent pr

Question 10

Which of these leukocytes are the most abundant and begin to phagocytize pathogens to reduce the spread of infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  eosinophils 
B)  monocytes 
C)  basophils 
D)  neutrophils 
A)  eosinophils 
B)  monocytes 
C)  basophils 
D)  neutrophils

Question 11

Prothrombin is converted to ________ during the clotting process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prothrombin is converted to ________ during the...

Question 12

If a person were to receive such a high dose of radiation that all of the cells were to die in this area, anemia would develop. This place is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  red bone marrow 
B)  yellow bone marrow 
C)  thymus 
D)  lymph nodes 
A)  red bone marrow 
B)  yellow bone marrow 
C)  thymus 
D)  lymph nodes

Question 13

Neonatal jaundice results when a newborn baby's liver is not working fully to remove a particular waste product. Treatment involves placing the infant under a blue light, which reacts with the waste product and converts it to a form that the kidney can excrete. What is this waste product called?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  oxyhemoglobin 
D)  bilirubin 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  oxyhemoglobin 
D)  bilirubin

Question 14

After a wound has healed, an enzyme called ________ is secreted to dissolve the clot.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After a wound has healed, an enzyme...

Question 15

How are the red blood cells produced in the body, and what might stimulate this process?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells are produced in the

Question 16

________ are large cells that clean up debris and destroy bacteria by phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are large cells that clean up...

Question 17

Stan, a champion athlete, sleeps up in the mountains at 10,000 feet every night to increase his red blood cell count for better athletic performance. Which hormone increases to make that possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  Rh factor 
D)  fibrin 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  Rh factor 
D)  fibrin

Question 18

Sometimes the immune system overreacts from exposure to a normally harmless substance such as cat hair. Subsequent exposure to this allergen elicits a massive inflammatory response. Because the chemical histamine is the cause of this inflammation, what cell type is most likely behind the problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils 
B)  basophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  monocytes 
A)  neutrophils 
B)  basophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  monocytes

Question 19

Explain why someone with blood type O-negative is called the universal donor.

Accepted Answer

Type O-negative blood cells do

Question 20

About 7% of the plasma is made up of ________, which help balance water flow between the blood and the tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About 7% of the plasma is made...

Exam 14: Blood

Explain the ABO blood system and why is it important to fully understand this system in regard to blood transfusions.

A person who cannot make enough of the plasma protein ________ might have problems with water balance.

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by ________.

Which protein transports oxygen in the bloodstream?

Activated thrombin makes this protein change.

The group of white blood cells that lacks visible granules in the cytoplasm is called ________. Included in this group are monocytes and lymphocytes.

An embolus could block blood flow to the ________, resulting in a myocardial infarction, or it may block blood in the ________ and cause a stroke.

An Rh-positive baby can cause an Rh-negative mother to produce antibodies against the Rh antigen. When is this a problem?

Which of these leukocytes are the most abundant and begin to phagocytize pathogens to reduce the spread of infection?

Prothrombin is converted to ________ during the clotting process.

If a person were to receive such a high dose of radiation that all of the cells were to die in this area, anemia would develop. This place is the ________.

Neonatal jaundice results when a newborn baby's liver is not working fully to remove a particular waste product. Treatment involves placing the infant under a blue light, which reacts with the waste product and converts it to a form that the kidney can excrete. What is this waste product called?

After a wound has healed, an enzyme called ________ is secreted to dissolve the clot.

How are the red blood cells produced in the body, and what might stimulate this process?

________ are large cells that clean up debris and destroy bacteria by phagocytosis.

Stan, a champion athlete, sleeps up in the mountains at 10,000 feet every night to increase his red blood cell count for better athletic performance. Which hormone increases to make that possible?

Sometimes the immune system overreacts from exposure to a normally harmless substance such as cat hair. Subsequent exposure to this allergen elicits a massive inflammatory response. Because the chemical histamine is the cause of this inflammation, what cell type is most likely behind the problem?

Explain why someone with blood type O-negative is called the universal donor.

About 7% of the plasma is made up of ________, which help balance water flow between the blood and the tissues.

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An embolus could block blood flow to the , resulting in a myocardial infarction, or it may block blood in the and cause a stroke.