Question 1

Heritability __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is about .50 for IQ 
B)  is immutable for a particular trait 
C)  cannot be affected by environmental changes 
D)  refers to the number of points in an individual's IQ score that are determined by genetics 
A)  is about .50 for IQ 
B)  is immutable for a particular trait 
C)  cannot be affected by environmental changes 
D)  refers to the number of points in an individual's IQ score that are determined by genetics

Question 2

According to your text, the IQ scores of immigrants in the early 20th century reflected the length of time they have lived in the United States, rather than their true intelligence. In the language of research methodology, length of time in the United States is a(n) __________ variable in this instance.

Accepted Answer

A)  confounding 
B)  independent 
C)  control 
D)  IQ and socioeconomic status are unrelated. 
A)  confounding 
B)  independent 
C)  control 
D)  IQ and socioeconomic status are unrelated.

Question 3

Growth is to fixed as __________ is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal; external 
B)  nature; nurture 
C)  malleable; stable 
D)  stable; malleable 
A)  internal; external 
B)  nature; nurture 
C)  malleable; stable 
D)  stable; malleable

Question 4

What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in executive control?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps detect conflict between different mental processes. 
B)  It helps an individual keep track of goals. 
C)  It helps an individual adjust behavior to changing goals. 
D)  It contributes to the development of an appropriate task model. 
A)  It helps detect conflict between different mental processes. 
B)  It helps an individual keep track of goals. 
C)  It helps an individual adjust behavior to changing goals. 
D)  It contributes to the development of an appropriate task model.

Question 5

Which of the following is FALSE regarding PKU?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a genetically determined disorder. 
B)  It ordinarily leads to mental retardation. 
C)  It may only do minimal nervous system damage if diet is appropriately restricted. 
D)  Its heritability is high. 
A)  It is a genetically determined disorder. 
B)  It ordinarily leads to mental retardation. 
C)  It may only do minimal nervous system damage if diet is appropriately restricted. 
D)  Its heritability is high.

Question 6

Janet has a knack for figuring things out. When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before, Janet always manages to find a solution. Janet is high in __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  motivational 
B)  fluid 
C)  flexible 
D)  crystallized 
A)  motivational 
B)  fluid 
C)  flexible 
D)  crystallized

Question 7

Which of the following is not a potential explanation of the Flynn effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  the increased sophistication of shared cultures 
B)  widespread improvements in nutrition 
C)  genetic inheritance within cultures 
D)  increased exposure to wider sets of perspectives 
A)  the increased sophistication of shared cultures 
B)  widespread improvements in nutrition 
C)  genetic inheritance within cultures 
D)  increased exposure to wider sets of perspectives

Question 8

A researcher examines the correlations between identical and fraternal twins' IQ scores in both higher- and lower-SES families. She prepares two line graphs of her results, one for higher-SES and one for lower-SES families. In both graphs, the y-axis is labeled "Correlation" and the x-axis is labeled "Degree of Genetic Resemblance" with increasing resemblance toward the right. What do the functions look like in the two graphs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher-SES: positively sloped line
Lower-SES: horizontal line 
B)  Higher-SES: positively sloped line
Lower-SES: positively sloped line 
C)  Higher-SES: horizontal line
Lower-SES: positively sloped line 
D)  Higher-SES: horizontal line
Lower-SES: horizontal line 
A)  Higher-SES: positively sloped line
Lower-SES: horizontal line 
B)  Higher-SES: positively sloped line
Lower-SES: positively sloped line 
C)  Higher-SES: horizontal line
Lower-SES: positively sloped line 
D)  Higher-SES: horizontal line
Lower-SES: horizontal line

Question 9

Which of the following coefficients probably best reflects the correlation between intelligence test scores and scores on a measure of working memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  .95 
B)  -.45 
C)  .45 
D)  .00 
A)  .95 
B)  -.45 
C)  .45 
D)  .00

Question 10

Kayla is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client. Based on this information, in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kayla to be high?

Accepted Answer

A)  interpersonal 
B)  creative 
C)  analytic 
D)  linguistic 
A)  interpersonal 
B)  creative 
C)  analytic 
D)  linguistic

Question 11

Dr. Nguyen believes that intelligence consists of multiple, specialized abilities. Which pattern of correlation coefficients might she expect when she examines scores on an intelligence test containing verbal, numerical, and spatial subtests?

Accepted Answer

A)  a correlation of .65 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .25 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .70 between verbal and spatial scores 
B)  a correlation of .75 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .80 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .70 between verbal and spatial scores 
C)  a correlation of .15 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .75 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .10 between verbal and spatial scores 
D)  a correlation of .15 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .13 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .10 between verbal and spatial scores 
A)  a correlation of .65 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .25 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .70 between verbal and spatial scores 
B)  a correlation of .75 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .80 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .70 between verbal and spatial scores 
C)  a correlation of .15 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .75 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .10 between verbal and spatial scores 
D)  a correlation of .15 between verbal and numerical scores, a correlation of .13 between numerical and spatial scores, and a correlation of .10 between verbal and spatial scores

Question 12

Charles Spearman inferred the existence of a general intelligence g factor from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the positive intercorrelations for tests of different intellectual skills 
B)  the fact that different tests tap different specific abilities 
C)  the tendency for people to score well on either verbal or mathematical tests, but not on both 
D)  high reliability coefficients for the results of individual tests 
A)  the positive intercorrelations for tests of different intellectual skills 
B)  the fact that different tests tap different specific abilities 
C)  the tendency for people to score well on either verbal or mathematical tests, but not on both 
D)  high reliability coefficients for the results of individual tests

Question 13

Working memory capacity is often assessed by a task in which participants read groups of sentences and then repeat the final word of each sentence. Is this task a valid measure of working memory? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes. We often have to store information while processing other material. 
B)  Yes. We often have to remember the final words of sentences while we read. 
C)  No. We rarely have to remember the final words of sentences while we read. 
D)  No. The task is more a measure of mental speed than of working memory capacity. 
A)  Yes. We often have to store information while processing other material. 
B)  Yes. We often have to remember the final words of sentences while we read. 
C)  No. We rarely have to remember the final words of sentences while we read. 
D)  No. The task is more a measure of mental speed than of working memory capacity.

Question 14

Participants in a psychological study completed the Raven's Progressive Matrices test, a reaction time task, and a task designed to assess working memory capacity. The correlation between Raven's Progressive Matrices scores and average reaction time was -.70. The correlation between Raven's Progressive Matrices scores and working memory capacity was .76. These results suggest that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither mental speed nor working memory capacity is related to intelligence 
B)  both mental speed and working memory capacity are related to intelligence 
C)  mental speed is related to intelligence, but working memory capacity is not 
D)  working memory capacity is related to intelligence, but mental speed is not 
A)  neither mental speed nor working memory capacity is related to intelligence 
B)  both mental speed and working memory capacity are related to intelligence 
C)  mental speed is related to intelligence, but working memory capacity is not 
D)  working memory capacity is related to intelligence, but mental speed is not

Question 15

Dr. Hardhead has developed a measure of stubbornness and wants to determine the influence of genetics on performance on his new measure. Which of the following findings from administrations of the new test provides the best evidence for genetic influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scores are more highly correlated in identical twins reared together than identical twins reared apart. 
B)  Scores are more highly correlated in identical than fraternal twins. 
C)  Scores are highly correlated between adopted children and their adoptive parents. 
D)  Scores are highly correlated between siblings. 
A)  Scores are more highly correlated in identical twins reared together than identical twins reared apart. 
B)  Scores are more highly correlated in identical than fraternal twins. 
C)  Scores are highly correlated between adopted children and their adoptive parents. 
D)  Scores are highly correlated between siblings.

Question 16

In an arcade game, a gopher pops out of one of several holes and the player has to try to hit it before it disappears from each new location. What type of task does this game most closely resemble?

Accepted Answer

A)  choice reaction time 
B)  lexical decision 
C)  crystallized intelligence 
D)  simple reaction time 
A)  choice reaction time 
B)  lexical decision 
C)  crystallized intelligence 
D)  simple reaction time

Question 17

Which of the following correlation coefficients is a researcher most likely to find between testosterone levels and performance on a mental rotation task?

Accepted Answer

A)  .90 
B)  .00 
C)  .30 
D)  -.40 
A)  .90 
B)  .00 
C)  .30 
D)  -.40

Question 18

G __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is located in an area of the frontal cortex 
B)  is another term for crystallized or generic intelligence 
C)  is, from what we know so far, a theoretical entity 
D)  is another term for fluid or gifted intelligence 
A)  is located in an area of the frontal cortex 
B)  is another term for crystallized or generic intelligence 
C)  is, from what we know so far, a theoretical entity 
D)  is another term for fluid or gifted intelligence

Question 19

Your text reports that in the early 20th century, a congressional committee examined the scores of immigrant groups on the U.S. Army's intelligence test. Which of the following statements is consistent with the claims of the committee?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intelligence primarily reflects the influence of genes. 
B)  The immigrants' scores reflect the length of time they have spent in the United States. 
C)  Intelligence may be increased by enriching the environment. 
D)  The U.S. Army's intelligence test is culture-fair. 
A)  Intelligence primarily reflects the influence of genes. 
B)  The immigrants' scores reflect the length of time they have spent in the United States. 
C)  Intelligence may be increased by enriching the environment. 
D)  The U.S. Army's intelligence test is culture-fair.

Question 20

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY names and illustrates one of the mental speed tasks discussed in your text?

Accepted Answer

A)  simple reaction time-participant presses one key as quickly as possible when an X appears on the computer screen, but another key when an O appears 
B)  choice reaction time-participant responds as quickly as possible when an X appears on the computer screen 
C)  inspection time-participant determines which is the larger of two Xs displayed on the computer screen 
D)  detection time-participant responds as quickly as possible when an X appears on the computer screen 
A)  simple reaction time-participant presses one key as quickly as possible when an X appears on the computer screen, but another key when an O appears 
B)  choice reaction time-participant responds as quickly as possible when an X appears on the computer screen 
C)  inspection time-participant determines which is the larger of two Xs displayed on the computer screen 
D)  detection time-participant responds as quickly as possible when an X appears on the computer screen

Heritability __________.

Growth is to fixed as is to .

What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in executive control?

Which of the following is FALSE regarding PKU?

Janet has a knack for figuring things out. When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before, Janet always manages to find a solution. Janet is high in __________ intelligence.

Which of the following is not a potential explanation of the Flynn effect?

Which of the following coefficients probably best reflects the correlation between intelligence test scores and scores on a measure of working memory capacity?

Kayla is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client. Based on this information, in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kayla to be high?

Dr. Nguyen believes that intelligence consists of multiple, specialized abilities. Which pattern of correlation coefficients might she expect when she examines scores on an intelligence test containing verbal, numerical, and spatial subtests?

Charles Spearman inferred the existence of a general intelligence g factor from __________.

Working memory capacity is often assessed by a task in which participants read groups of sentences and then repeat the final word of each sentence. Is this task a valid measure of working memory? Why or why not?

Dr. Hardhead has developed a measure of stubbornness and wants to determine the influence of genetics on performance on his new measure. Which of the following findings from administrations of the new test provides the best evidence for genetic influence?

In an arcade game, a gopher pops out of one of several holes and the player has to try to hit it before it disappears from each new location. What type of task does this game most closely resemble?

Which of the following correlation coefficients is a researcher most likely to find between testosterone levels and performance on a mental rotation task?

G __________.

Your text reports that in the early 20th century, a congressional committee examined the scores of immigrant groups on the U.S. Army's intelligence test. Which of the following statements is consistent with the claims of the committee?

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY names and illustrates one of the mental speed tasks discussed in your text?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 11: Intelligence

Heritability __________.

Growth is to fixed as __________ is to __________.

What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in executive control?

Which of the following is FALSE regarding PKU?

Janet has a knack for figuring things out. When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before, Janet always manages to find a solution. Janet is high in __________ intelligence.

Which of the following is not a potential explanation of the Flynn effect?

Which of the following coefficients probably best reflects the correlation between intelligence test scores and scores on a measure of working memory capacity?

Kayla is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client. Based on this information, in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kayla to be high?

Dr. Nguyen believes that intelligence consists of multiple, specialized abilities. Which pattern of correlation coefficients might she expect when she examines scores on an intelligence test containing verbal, numerical, and spatial subtests?

Charles Spearman inferred the existence of a general intelligence g factor from __________.

Working memory capacity is often assessed by a task in which participants read groups of sentences and then repeat the final word of each sentence. Is this task a valid measure of working memory? Why or why not?

Dr. Hardhead has developed a measure of stubbornness and wants to determine the influence of genetics on performance on his new measure. Which of the following findings from administrations of the new test provides the best evidence for genetic influence?

In an arcade game, a gopher pops out of one of several holes and the player has to try to hit it before it disappears from each new location. What type of task does this game most closely resemble?

Which of the following correlation coefficients is a researcher most likely to find between testosterone levels and performance on a mental rotation task?

G __________.

Your text reports that in the early 20th century, a congressional committee examined the scores of immigrant groups on the U.S. Army's intelligence test. Which of the following statements is consistent with the claims of the committee?

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY names and illustrates one of the mental speed tasks discussed in your text?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Growth is to fixed as is to .