Question 1

The hotter the weather,the more muggings tend to occur.This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) hot temperatures make people edgy and cause them to commit crimes. 
B) potential victims are more plentiful when the weather warms up. 
C) criminals may find it more comfortable to commit crimes in warm weather. 
D) Any of the above explanations is a possibility. 
A) hot temperatures make people edgy and cause them to commit crimes. 
B) potential victims are more plentiful when the weather warms up. 
C) criminals may find it more comfortable to commit crimes in warm weather. 
D) Any of the above explanations is a possibility.

Question 2

A controlled test of a hypothesis,in which the researcher manipulates one variable in order to discover its effect on another variable,is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A) correlational study. 
B) experiment. 
C) control condition. 
D) single-blind study. 
A) correlational study. 
B) experiment. 
C) control condition. 
D) single-blind study.

Question 3

Results from cross-sectional studies find that older people perform as well as younger individuals on tests of mental functioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A laboratory observation would be the most effective research method in order to determine the "personal space" preferred by individuals from different cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Accepted Answer

A) case studies produce a more detailed picture of an individual than other methods do 
B) information is often missing or hard to interpret 
C) an individual case may not be representative of others 
D) the observer may have biases that influence which facts are observed and which are ignored 
A) case studies produce a more detailed picture of an individual than other methods do 
B) information is often missing or hard to interpret 
C) an individual case may not be representative of others 
D) the observer may have biases that influence which facts are observed and which are ignored

Question 6

Professor Marshall wants to know if eating sweets for a bedtime snack makes children active.In his study,sweets before bedtime would be:

Accepted Answer

A) the independent variable. 
B) the dependent variable. 
C) the control condition. 
D) the placebo. 
A) the independent variable. 
B) the dependent variable. 
C) the control condition. 
D) the placebo.

Question 7

If TV watching is correlated positively with children's aggressiveness,then what possible ways could this relationship be explained?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 8

A researcher hypothesizes that adults will respond differently to the same baby depending on how the child is dressed.Her colleague,on the other hand,hypothesizes that boys and girls are treated equally and that only temperamental differences lead to differences in their handling.Design a research study to test their hypotheses.Provided a detailed explanation of how this study would be conducted.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 9

In a journal article,the authors report that the result is significant at the .05 level.This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) the researchers know that the results were not obtained by chance and that the difference between the experimental and the control group is "real." 
B) the probability that the result is due to "real" differences between groups is 5 times in 100 repetitions of the study. 
C) the results failed to support the hypothesis of the study,although the researchers may want to do further studies. 
D) the probability that the result occurred by chance is extremely low and the probability that the difference is "real" is overwhelming. 
A) the researchers know that the results were not obtained by chance and that the difference between the experimental and the control group is "real." 
B) the probability that the result is due to "real" differences between groups is 5 times in 100 repetitions of the study. 
C) the results failed to support the hypothesis of the study,although the researchers may want to do further studies. 
D) the probability that the result occurred by chance is extremely low and the probability that the difference is "real" is overwhelming.

Question 10

Field research may yield better results than laboratory research because:

Accepted Answer

A) placebos don't need to be used. 
B) subjects don't know they are in an experiment. 
C) there is no control group. 
D) the situation is less artificial. 
A) placebos don't need to be used. 
B) subjects don't know they are in an experiment. 
C) there is no control group. 
D) the situation is less artificial.

Question 11

If you have just completed a research study,your work has just begun! What three things must you do once you have results in hand?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 12

The higher a male monkey's level of the hormone testosterone,the more aggressive he is likely to be.This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone causes aggression. 
B) testosterone and aggression are uncorrelated. 
C) testosterone and aggression are negatively correlated. 
D) testosterone and aggression are positively correlated. 
A) testosterone causes aggression. 
B) testosterone and aggression are uncorrelated. 
C) testosterone and aggression are negatively correlated. 
D) testosterone and aggression are positively correlated.

Question 13

Statistics are used for all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) describing results. 
B) generating results. 
C) determining reliability and meaningfulness of results. 
D) determining the significance of the results. 
A) describing results. 
B) generating results. 
C) determining reliability and meaningfulness of results. 
D) determining the significance of the results.

Question 14

In order to be taken seriously,a hypothesis must be:

Accepted Answer

A) plausible given the current theories. 
B) backed by empirical evidence. 
C) imaginative and appealing. 
D) suggested by a credible authority. 
A) plausible given the current theories. 
B) backed by empirical evidence. 
C) imaginative and appealing. 
D) suggested by a credible authority.

Question 15

Problems with surveys may include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) volunteer bias. 
B) lack of representative samples. 
C) choice of media (phone,Internet,etc.)to use for the survey. 
D) lack of honesty of participants. 
A) volunteer bias. 
B) lack of representative samples. 
C) choice of media (phone,Internet,etc.)to use for the survey. 
D) lack of honesty of participants.

Question 16

A disadvantage of the naturalistic observation is that it allows the researcher little or no control of the situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Confirmation bias is:

Accepted Answer

A) a tendency to look for evidence that supports our theory and ignore evidence that contradicts it. 
B) a tendency to believe theories that have been confirmed by empirical data. 
C) a tendency to accept replicated studies but not accept studies that have not been replicated. 
D) a belief that bias exists in many studies that prevents them from being confirmed. 
A) a tendency to look for evidence that supports our theory and ignore evidence that contradicts it. 
B) a tendency to believe theories that have been confirmed by empirical data. 
C) a tendency to accept replicated studies but not accept studies that have not been replicated. 
D) a belief that bias exists in many studies that prevents them from being confirmed.

Question 18

One shortcoming of laboratory observation is that the presence of researchers and special equipment may cause subjects to behave differently than they would in their usual surroundings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The strongest relationship,as indicted by these correlation coefficients,is:

Accepted Answer

A) -.74. 
B) +.68. 
C) -.67. 
D) +.73. 
A) -.74. 
B) +.68. 
C) -.67. 
D) +.73.

Exam 2: Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

The hotter the weather,the more muggings tend to occur.This means that:

A controlled test of a hypothesis,in which the researcher manipulates one variable in order to discover its effect on another variable,is called a/an:

Results from cross-sectional studies find that older people perform as well as younger individuals on tests of mental functioning.

A laboratory observation would be the most effective research method in order to determine the "personal space" preferred by individuals from different cultures.

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Professor Marshall wants to know if eating sweets for a bedtime snack makes children active.In his study,sweets before bedtime would be:

If TV watching is correlated positively with children's aggressiveness,then what possible ways could this relationship be explained?

In a journal article,the authors report that the result is significant at the .05 level.This means that:

Field research may yield better results than laboratory research because:

If you have just completed a research study,your work has just begun! What three things must you do once you have results in hand?

The higher a male monkey's level of the hormone testosterone,the more aggressive he is likely to be.This means that:

Statistics are used for all of the following EXCEPT:

In order to be taken seriously,a hypothesis must be:

Problems with surveys may include all of the following EXCEPT:

A disadvantage of the naturalistic observation is that it allows the researcher little or no control of the situation.

Confirmation bias is:

One shortcoming of laboratory observation is that the presence of researchers and special equipment may cause subjects to behave differently than they would in their usual surroundings.

A theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.

The strongest relationship,as indicted by these correlation coefficients,is:

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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