Question 1

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Accepted Answer

A) the ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls 
B) the development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis 
C) the math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of U.S.students 
D) physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies 
A) the ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls 
B) the development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis 
C) the math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of U.S.students 
D) physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies

Question 2

Psychologists study animals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) to clarify theoretical questions,such as assessing that a male-female difference in lifestyle exists in mammals other than humans. 
B) to discover practical applications of psychological principles without concerns over the treatment of the subjects. 
C) to conduct basic research on a particular species,such as studying cooperation among apes. 
D) to improve human welfare,for example,investigating the mechanisms underlying memory loss and senility. 
A) to clarify theoretical questions,such as assessing that a male-female difference in lifestyle exists in mammals other than humans. 
B) to discover practical applications of psychological principles without concerns over the treatment of the subjects. 
C) to conduct basic research on a particular species,such as studying cooperation among apes. 
D) to improve human welfare,for example,investigating the mechanisms underlying memory loss and senility.

Question 3

A recent review mentioned in your text concluded that the SAT does a poor job at predicting intellectual performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A disadvantage of correlational research is that it does not permit identification of cause and effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The likelihood of lying about a touchy topic is reduced when respondents:

Accepted Answer

A) are paid for their participation in the survey. 
B) receive explanations regarding the importance of the survey. 
C) are questioned by a compassionate interviewer. 
D) are guaranteed anonymity. 
A) are paid for their participation in the survey. 
B) receive explanations regarding the importance of the survey. 
C) are questioned by a compassionate interviewer. 
D) are guaranteed anonymity.

Question 6

Professor Tearlach gives her new test of psychological aptitude to her psychology students at the start of the year.At the end of the year,she finds out that those students who did poorly on her test averaged an "A" in her courses.A shortcoming of the test is that it lacks:

Accepted Answer

A) criterion validity. 
B) reliability. 
C) a representative sample. 
D) double-blind procedures. 
A) criterion validity. 
B) reliability. 
C) a representative sample. 
D) double-blind procedures.

Question 7

Scientists are expected to submit their results for peer review before any announcements regarding the study are made to the public.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Two sets of observations assessing height and weight are compared.Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) The first variable causes the second variable. 
B) The two variables will be uncorrelated. 
C) The two variables will be negatively correlated. 
D) The two variables will be positively correlated. 
A) The first variable causes the second variable. 
B) The two variables will be uncorrelated. 
C) The two variables will be negatively correlated. 
D) The two variables will be positively correlated.

Question 9

A representative sample is:

Accepted Answer

A) a large group of participants containing at least 25 percent of the population of interest. 
B) a group of participants containing males,females,and representatives of all racial and ethnic groups. 
C) a group of participants which contains both volunteers and nonvolunteers. 
D) a group of participants that accurately represents the larger population of interest. 
A) a large group of participants containing at least 25 percent of the population of interest. 
B) a group of participants containing males,females,and representatives of all racial and ethnic groups. 
C) a group of participants which contains both volunteers and nonvolunteers. 
D) a group of participants that accurately represents the larger population of interest.

Question 10

An established standard of performance defines:

Accepted Answer

A) a norm. 
B) a standard score. 
C) content validity. 
D) reliability. 
A) a norm. 
B) a standard score. 
C) content validity. 
D) reliability.

Question 11

Famed sex researcher Alfred Kinsey found that more truthful responses were elicited when he phrased a question in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) Have you ever engaged in fornication or adultery? 
B) How many times have you had nonmarital sex? 
C) Have you ever had sex outside of marriage? 
D) Do your behaviors regarding nonmarital sex match your values? 
A) Have you ever engaged in fornication or adultery? 
B) How many times have you had nonmarital sex? 
C) Have you ever had sex outside of marriage? 
D) Do your behaviors regarding nonmarital sex match your values?

Question 12

A well-known study on experimenter effects using rats labeled as "maze bright" and "maze dull" was conducted by _______________ in 1966.

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner 
B) Robert Rosenthal 
C) Alex Jacobsen 
D) Wade Tavris 
A) B.F.Skinner 
B) Robert Rosenthal 
C) Alex Jacobsen 
D) Wade Tavris

Question 13

A laboratory observation would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Accepted Answer

A) the ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls 
B) the development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis 
C) the math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of U.S.students 
D) physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies 
A) the ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls 
B) the development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis 
C) the math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of U.S.students 
D) physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies

Question 14

Dr.Olson wants to know whether or not the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language.She decides to study children who have been deprived of human language.The appropriate method to use to explore this issue would be a/an:

Accepted Answer

A) observational study. 
B) experiment. 
C) survey. 
D) case study. 
A) observational study. 
B) experiment. 
C) survey. 
D) case study.

Question 15

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

Accepted Answer

A) the size and direction of a relationship between two variables. 
B) whether one variable causes the other variable to happen. 
C) the unintended changes in a subject's behavior due to the experimenter's cues. 
D) whether or not the principle of falsifiability applies to each variable. 
A) the size and direction of a relationship between two variables. 
B) whether one variable causes the other variable to happen. 
C) the unintended changes in a subject's behavior due to the experimenter's cues. 
D) whether or not the principle of falsifiability applies to each variable.

Question 16

In Chapter Two we read about the disastrous consequences that can take place when conclusions are drawn solely on the basis of case studies.How does the example of the connection between autism and vaccinations illustrate the importance of the critical thinking guideline,"Don't Oversimplify," discussed in Chapter One?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 17

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a representative sample. 
B) a case study. 
C) a single-blind study. 
D) a naturalistic observation. 
A) a representative sample. 
B) a case study. 
C) a single-blind study. 
D) a naturalistic observation.

Question 18

A controlled test of a hypothesis,in which the researcher manipulates one variable in order to discover its effect on another variable,is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a valid study. 
B) an experiment. 
C) a case study. 
D) a reliable study. 
A) a valid study. 
B) an experiment. 
C) a case study. 
D) a reliable study.

Question 19

One shortcoming of laboratory observation is that:

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of researchers and special equipment may cause subjects to act differently than they would in their natural surroundings. 
B) the results often are inaccurate because many people have a distorted view of their own abilities and traits. 
C) some subjects are given detailed instructions about how to behave whereas others receive only vague instructions. 
D) teachers and parents do not usually question the results from a laboratory observation since the results are summarized in a single,precise-sounding number. 
A) the presence of researchers and special equipment may cause subjects to act differently than they would in their natural surroundings. 
B) the results often are inaccurate because many people have a distorted view of their own abilities and traits. 
C) some subjects are given detailed instructions about how to behave whereas others receive only vague instructions. 
D) teachers and parents do not usually question the results from a laboratory observation since the results are summarized in a single,precise-sounding number.

Question 20

Harvey is being assessed in order to measure his beliefs and feelings regarding the next election.It is most likely that the assessment instrument will be a/an:

Accepted Answer

A) inferential statistic. 
B) projective test. 
C) objective test. 
D) norm. 
A) inferential statistic. 
B) projective test. 
C) objective test. 
D) norm.

Exam 2: Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Psychologists study animals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A recent review mentioned in your text concluded that the SAT does a poor job at predicting intellectual performance.

A disadvantage of correlational research is that it does not permit identification of cause and effect.

The likelihood of lying about a touchy topic is reduced when respondents:

Professor Tearlach gives her new test of psychological aptitude to her psychology students at the start of the year.At the end of the year,she finds out that those students who did poorly on her test averaged an "A" in her courses.A shortcoming of the test is that it lacks:

Scientists are expected to submit their results for peer review before any announcements regarding the study are made to the public.

Two sets of observations assessing height and weight are compared.Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

A representative sample is:

An established standard of performance defines:

Famed sex researcher Alfred Kinsey found that more truthful responses were elicited when he phrased a question in which of the following ways?

A well-known study on experimenter effects using rats labeled as "maze bright" and "maze dull" was conducted by _______________ in 1966.

A laboratory observation would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Dr.Olson wants to know whether or not the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language.She decides to study children who have been deprived of human language.The appropriate method to use to explore this issue would be a/an:

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called:

A controlled test of a hypothesis,in which the researcher manipulates one variable in order to discover its effect on another variable,is called:

One shortcoming of laboratory observation is that:

Harvey is being assessed in order to measure his beliefs and feelings regarding the next election.It is most likely that the assessment instrument will be a/an:

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters