Question 1

Meta-analysis combines and analyzes data from many studies,instead of assessing each study's results separately.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When Dana takes a personality test she is told that the test has been judged to have criterion validity,that is:

Accepted Answer

A) it measures what it is designed to measure. 
B) its results are compared to established standards of performance. 
C) it produces the same results from one time to the next. 
D) it predicts other criteria of the personality trait in question. 
A) it measures what it is designed to measure. 
B) its results are compared to established standards of performance. 
C) it produces the same results from one time to the next. 
D) it predicts other criteria of the personality trait in question.

Question 3

The independent variable depends on the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Ideally,everything in an experiment except the dependent variable is held constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The principle of falsifiability means that:

Accepted Answer

A) scientists must be careful not to falsify their results. 
B) scientists,as well as people in general,tend to accept false information when it is endorsed by an authority. 
C) a scientist must state an idea in such a way that it can be refuted or disproved by counterevidence. 
D) theories that have not been proven are considered falsified. 
A) scientists must be careful not to falsify their results. 
B) scientists,as well as people in general,tend to accept false information when it is endorsed by an authority. 
C) a scientist must state an idea in such a way that it can be refuted or disproved by counterevidence. 
D) theories that have not been proven are considered falsified.

Question 6

An association between increases in one variable and decreases in the other variable indicates that the two variables are uncorrelated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Violations of the principle of falsifiability are rare in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In what circumstances is a psychological case study informative?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 9

A variable that the experimenter manipulates is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A) coefficient of correlation. 
B) dependent variable. 
C) control condition. 
D) independent variable. 
A) coefficient of correlation. 
B) dependent variable. 
C) control condition. 
D) independent variable.

Question 10

Which of the following is the definition of "standard deviation"?

Accepted Answer

A) A statistical procedure that allows researchers to draw implications about how statistically meaningful a study's results are. 
B) A commonly used measure of variability that indicates the average difference between scores in a distribution and their mean. 
C) An average that is calculated by adding up a set of quantities and dividing the sum by the total number of quantities in the set. 
D) A statistical test that assesses how likely it is that a study's results occurred merely by chance so that the researcher knows that the probability that the difference is "real" is overwhelming. 
A) A statistical procedure that allows researchers to draw implications about how statistically meaningful a study's results are. 
B) A commonly used measure of variability that indicates the average difference between scores in a distribution and their mean. 
C) An average that is calculated by adding up a set of quantities and dividing the sum by the total number of quantities in the set. 
D) A statistical test that assesses how likely it is that a study's results occurred merely by chance so that the researcher knows that the probability that the difference is "real" is overwhelming.

Question 11

According to the principle of falsifiability:

Accepted Answer

A) a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation. 
B) false conclusions are reached in a scientific study when researchers make risky predictions. 
C) researchers must conduct naturalistic observations in order to reach a causal rationale about a particular behavior. 
D) hypotheses should be considered false until scientific research proves,without a doubt,that they are true. 
A) a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation. 
B) false conclusions are reached in a scientific study when researchers make risky predictions. 
C) researchers must conduct naturalistic observations in order to reach a causal rationale about a particular behavior. 
D) hypotheses should be considered false until scientific research proves,without a doubt,that they are true.

Question 12

What was wrong with Norman Cousins's claim that humor and vitamins could cure life-threatening diseases?

Accepted Answer

A) it was not falsifiable 
B) it was not based on empirical evidence 
C) its variables were not operationally defined 
D) it resulted from confirmation bias 
A) it was not falsifiable 
B) it was not based on empirical evidence 
C) its variables were not operationally defined 
D) it resulted from confirmation bias

Question 13

The authors recommend distrusting all statistics because statistics confuse and mislead.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

When Haylee takes a personality test,the researcher gives her detailed instructions and plenty of time to complete it.But Tyler takes the same test and is given only vague instructions and a limited amount of time.This procedural difference shows a problem in regard to:

Accepted Answer

A) validity. 
B) standardization. 
C) reliability. 
D) norms. 
A) validity. 
B) standardization. 
C) reliability. 
D) norms.

Question 15

Which variable does the experimenter manipulate?

Accepted Answer

A) the control variable 
B) the confounding variable 
C) the independent variable 
D) the dependent variable 
A) the control variable 
B) the confounding variable 
C) the independent variable 
D) the dependent variable

Question 16

When psychologists say that a test has been standardized,they mean that uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test have been developed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The president of the Parent Teacher Association (PTA)is concerned after reading that during puberty children have increased needs for sleep.She wants to find out if other parents of middle-school children would support a later starting time for school.At one of the Tuesday night meetings,she conducts a survey of the PTA members in order to address this question.When she asks those parents in support of the change to raise their hands,she discovers that 85 percent of the parents support a later starting time.What information has she gained by conducting this survey? What shortcomings exist in her survey?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 18

Shannon reads in a news magazine that people who are chronically depressed are more likely than non-depressed people to develop cancer.From this article,Shannon would be able to determine that:

Accepted Answer

A) chronic depression causes cancer. 
B) early,undetected cancer causes depression. 
C) depressed people tend to smoke,causing cancer. 
D) chronic depression and cancer are related to one another. 
A) chronic depression causes cancer. 
B) early,undetected cancer causes depression. 
C) depressed people tend to smoke,causing cancer. 
D) chronic depression and cancer are related to one another.

Question 19

If a test measures what it is supposed to measure it is:

Accepted Answer

A) reliable. 
B) valid. 
C) criterion referenced. 
D) standardized. 
A) reliable. 
B) valid. 
C) criterion referenced. 
D) standardized.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive method?

Accepted Answer

A) case studies 
B) tests 
C) correlation 
D) surveys 
A) case studies 
B) tests 
C) correlation 
D) surveys

Exam 2: Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Meta-analysis combines and analyzes data from many studies,instead of assessing each study's results separately.

When Dana takes a personality test she is told that the test has been judged to have criterion validity,that is:

The independent variable depends on the dependent variable.

Ideally,everything in an experiment except the dependent variable is held constant.

The principle of falsifiability means that:

An association between increases in one variable and decreases in the other variable indicates that the two variables are uncorrelated.

Violations of the principle of falsifiability are rare in everyday life.

In what circumstances is a psychological case study informative?

A variable that the experimenter manipulates is called a/an:

Which of the following is the definition of "standard deviation"?

According to the principle of falsifiability:

What was wrong with Norman Cousins's claim that humor and vitamins could cure life-threatening diseases?

The authors recommend distrusting all statistics because statistics confuse and mislead.

When Haylee takes a personality test,the researcher gives her detailed instructions and plenty of time to complete it.But Tyler takes the same test and is given only vague instructions and a limited amount of time.This procedural difference shows a problem in regard to:

Which variable does the experimenter manipulate?

When psychologists say that a test has been standardized,they mean that uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test have been developed.

Shannon reads in a news magazine that people who are chronically depressed are more likely than non-depressed people to develop cancer.From this article,Shannon would be able to determine that:

If a test measures what it is supposed to measure it is:

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive method?

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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