Question 1

Hadley is told that the achievement test that he is taking is a standardized test.This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) the score he receives is likely to be similar to the score he would receive at a later test session. 
B) the test will be measuring what is it intended to measure. 
C) similar scores occur when the test is given in a standard laboratory setting or in a naturalistic setting. 
D) uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test. 
A) the score he receives is likely to be similar to the score he would receive at a later test session. 
B) the test will be measuring what is it intended to measure. 
C) similar scores occur when the test is given in a standard laboratory setting or in a naturalistic setting. 
D) uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test.

Question 2

A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

A) correlation. 
B) relationship coefficient. 
C) replication. 
D) an experiment. 
A) correlation. 
B) relationship coefficient. 
C) replication. 
D) an experiment.

Question 3

A theory is a statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Juan is given a vocational-interest test and then retakes the same test a week later.The psychologist is measuring the _______________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A) content validity 
B) test-retest reliability 
C) alternate-forms reliability 
D) criterion validity 
A) content validity 
B) test-retest reliability 
C) alternate-forms reliability 
D) criterion validity

Question 5

If the results of research are not significant at the .05 level,then the researchers conclude that their hypothesis was not supported.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A psycholinguist wants to know whether children who speak their first words at an earlier age than average also learn to read earlier than other children.Should she conduct a cross-sectional study or a longitudinal study? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 7

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines require researchers to thoroughly debrief participants about the true purpose of a study if deception has been involved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis. 
B) operational definition. 
C) double-blind study. 
D) theory. 
A) hypothesis. 
B) operational definition. 
C) double-blind study. 
D) theory.

Question 9

A hypothesis is a statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Psychologists consider a result to be significant if it would be expected to occur by chance _______________ time(s)in 100 repetitions of the study.

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) five or fewer 
C) ten or fewer 
D) fifteen or fewer 
A) one 
B) five or fewer 
C) ten or fewer 
D) fifteen or fewer

Question 11

Which of the following statements about correlation is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive correlations are meaningful,but negative ones are not. 
B) Negative correlations are weak,but positive ones are strong. 
C) Correlations close to +1.0 or -1.0 are strong,while correlations close to 0 are weak. 
D) A strong correlation is indicative of a causal relationship between variables. 
A) Positive correlations are meaningful,but negative ones are not. 
B) Negative correlations are weak,but positive ones are strong. 
C) Correlations close to +1.0 or -1.0 are strong,while correlations close to 0 are weak. 
D) A strong correlation is indicative of a causal relationship between variables.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good test?

Accepted Answer

A) it is standardized 
B) it is reliable 
C) it is believable 
D) it is valid 
A) it is standardized 
B) it is reliable 
C) it is believable 
D) it is valid

Question 13

Observational studies are more useful for describing behavior than for explaining behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A scientific theory could be thought of as:

Accepted Answer

A) a personal opinion. 
B) an established truth. 
C) an organized system of assumptions. 
D) a measure of strength between two variables. 
A) a personal opinion. 
B) an established truth. 
C) an organized system of assumptions. 
D) a measure of strength between two variables.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) It is important to balance skepticism with openness to new ideas. 
B) Skepticism in science is an unwillingness to accept an idea without empirical evidence. 
C) Even though skepticism about new ideas is important,a scientist should accept older ideas that have been endorsed by authorities in the field. 
D) Skepticism and caution go hand in hand. 
A) It is important to balance skepticism with openness to new ideas. 
B) Skepticism in science is an unwillingness to accept an idea without empirical evidence. 
C) Even though skepticism about new ideas is important,a scientist should accept older ideas that have been endorsed by authorities in the field. 
D) Skepticism and caution go hand in hand.

Question 16

Procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits,emotional states,aptitudes,and values are called:

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory observations. 
B) psychological tests. 
C) control conditions. 
D) field research. 
A) laboratory observations. 
B) psychological tests. 
C) control conditions. 
D) field research.

Question 17

When two variables are correlated,one variable may or may not be causing the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A correlation is a numerical measure of the:

Accepted Answer

A) unintended changes in subjects' behavior due to cues from the experimenter. 
B) strength of the relationship between two variables. 
C) behaviors of subjects of different ages compared at a given time. 
D) behaviors of subjects followed and periodically assessed over time. 
A) unintended changes in subjects' behavior due to cues from the experimenter. 
B) strength of the relationship between two variables. 
C) behaviors of subjects of different ages compared at a given time. 
D) behaviors of subjects followed and periodically assessed over time.

Question 19

If a researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous,then the amount of chocolate eaten is the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In a laboratory,smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal.The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions.Some of the subjects smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat.Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine.You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have.In this study,the independent variable is:

Accepted Answer

A) the use of nicotine. 
B) the use of a driving simulator. 
C) the number of collisions. 
D) the driving skills of each driver. 
A) the use of nicotine. 
B) the use of a driving simulator. 
C) the number of collisions. 
D) the driving skills of each driver.

Exam 2: Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Hadley is told that the achievement test that he is taking is a standardized test.This means that:

A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables is the definition of:

A theory is a statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena.

Juan is given a vocational-interest test and then retakes the same test a week later.The psychologist is measuring the _______________ of the test.

If the results of research are not significant at the .05 level,then the researchers conclude that their hypothesis was not supported.

A psycholinguist wants to know whether children who speak their first words at an earlier age than average also learn to read earlier than other children.Should she conduct a cross-sectional study or a longitudinal study? Explain your answer.

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines require researchers to thoroughly debrief participants about the true purpose of a study if deception has been involved.

An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships is called a/an:

A hypothesis is a statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena.

Psychologists consider a result to be significant if it would be expected to occur by chance _______________ time(s)in 100 repetitions of the study.

Which of the following statements about correlation is true?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good test?

Observational studies are more useful for describing behavior than for explaining behavior.

A scientific theory could be thought of as:

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits,emotional states,aptitudes,and values are called:

When two variables are correlated,one variable may or may not be causing the other.

A correlation is a numerical measure of the:

If a researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous,then the amount of chocolate eaten is the independent variable.

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters