Question 1

As members of an anonymous crowd,

Accepted Answer

A) individuals become uninhibited and likely to engage in combative behavior. 
B) individuals strive to maintain individuality rather than follow the crowd. 
C) individuals often fail to take action because they believe that someone else will do so. 
D) individuals are apathetic bystanders when someone is in trouble. 
A) individuals become uninhibited and likely to engage in combative behavior. 
B) individuals strive to maintain individuality rather than follow the crowd. 
C) individuals often fail to take action because they believe that someone else will do so. 
D) individuals are apathetic bystanders when someone is in trouble. C

Question 2

The primary reason why people obey is because:

Accepted Answer

A) they don't give thought to the other perspective. 
B) they hope to gain a tangible benefit through their obedience. 
C) they are worried about the consequences of disobedience. 
D) they are deeply convinced of the authority's legitimacy. 
A) they don't give thought to the other perspective. 
B) they hope to gain a tangible benefit through their obedience. 
C) they are worried about the consequences of disobedience. 
D) they are deeply convinced of the authority's legitimacy. D

Question 3

Dissent and altruism are a matter of personal conviction,but situational factors are involved also.Analyze five situational factors that are involved when a person decides to "rock the boat" and choose conscience over conformity.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include five of the following key points. F1S1S1W1
F1F1F10A person perceives the need for intervention or help. F1S1S1W1
F1F1F10Cultural norms encourage taking action. F1S1S1W1
F1F1F10The situation increases the likelihood that a person will take responsibility. F1S1S1W1
F1F1F10The cost-benefit ratio supports a person's decision to get involved. F1S1S1W1
F1F1F10A person has an ally who is also willing to get involved. F1S1S1W1
F1F1F10Entrapment has occurred.

Question 4

Mere repetition of a statement or opinion increases the perception that it is true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In close-knit groups,the tendency for all members to think alike and to suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony is called the fundamental attribution error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The most powerful weapon that groups have to insure their members' cooperation and to weed out disruptive members is ostracism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The amount of shock was a critical choice point in Milgram's study.Nearly 80 percent of those who went past 150 volts continued the experiment to the end.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Tahir,an Arab,and Jan,a Swede,meet at a dinner for international students.Because the cultures of the two men differ in regard to _______________,both may feel uncomfortable during their conversation.

Accepted Answer

A) knowledge of U.S.etiquette 
B) attitudes toward higher education 
C) explicit laws 
D) conversational distance 
A) knowledge of U.S.etiquette 
B) attitudes toward higher education 
C) explicit laws 
D) conversational distance

Question 9

When a person is a committed follower in a cult that relies upon coercive persuasion,the group is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) have created a new identity for the person now that he or she is among the elite. 
B) give "love baths" and affection whenever the person feels personal distress. 
C) encourage the person to initiate interactions with family members. 
D) allow the person to make more choices in how he or she wants to pursue group goals. 
A) have created a new identity for the person now that he or she is among the elite. 
B) give "love baths" and affection whenever the person feels personal distress. 
C) encourage the person to initiate interactions with family members. 
D) allow the person to make more choices in how he or she wants to pursue group goals.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about attitudes is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Attitudes are learned beliefs about people,groups,ideas,or activities. 
B) Explicit attitudes are learned,but implicit attitudes stem from innate personality traits. 
C) Attitudes are generally a result of learning and experience,but may also be a result of innate personality traits. 
D) Religiosity is dependent only on culture and therefore is learned. 
A) Attitudes are learned beliefs about people,groups,ideas,or activities. 
B) Explicit attitudes are learned,but implicit attitudes stem from innate personality traits. 
C) Attitudes are generally a result of learning and experience,but may also be a result of innate personality traits. 
D) Religiosity is dependent only on culture and therefore is learned.

Question 11

A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent is called:

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance. 
B) the validity effect. 
C) the fundamental attribution error. 
D) routinization. 
A) cognitive dissonance. 
B) the validity effect. 
C) the fundamental attribution error. 
D) routinization.

Question 12

Entrapment occurs when someone in authority asks you to do something,and you want to disobey,but instead you agree to do it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The need to ____________ is considered the most powerful human motivation

Accepted Answer

A) hunger 
B) belong 
C) participate 
D) achieve 
A) hunger 
B) belong 
C) participate 
D) achieve

Question 14

Describe the story of entrapment told by the 25 men who had served in the Greek military during the authoritarian regime that ended in 1974.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 15

Compare the features of groups that are vulnerable to groupthink to the features of coercive cults.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 16

An attitude is a belief about people,groups,ideas,or activities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is meant by the term ethnocentrism? Give one example to illustrate this term.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 18

The tendency to take credit for one's good actions and to let the situation account for one's bad actions is called the fundamental attribution error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

From the standpoint of social and cultural psychology,some cultures and individuals are just inherently good or evil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Groupthink occurs when members of a group lose awareness of their own individuality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

As members of an anonymous crowd,

The primary reason why people obey is because:

Dissent and altruism are a matter of personal conviction,but situational factors are involved also.Analyze five situational factors that are involved when a person decides to "rock the boat" and choose conscience over conformity.

Mere repetition of a statement or opinion increases the perception that it is true.

In close-knit groups,the tendency for all members to think alike and to suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony is called the fundamental attribution error.

The most powerful weapon that groups have to insure their members' cooperation and to weed out disruptive members is ostracism.

The amount of shock was a critical choice point in Milgram's study.Nearly 80 percent of those who went past 150 volts continued the experiment to the end.

Tahir,an Arab,and Jan,a Swede,meet at a dinner for international students.Because the cultures of the two men differ in regard to _______________,both may feel uncomfortable during their conversation.

When a person is a committed follower in a cult that relies upon coercive persuasion,the group is likely to:

Which of the following statements about attitudes is true?

A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent is called:

Entrapment occurs when someone in authority asks you to do something,and you want to disobey,but instead you agree to do it.

The need to ____________ is considered the most powerful human motivation

Describe the story of entrapment told by the 25 men who had served in the Greek military during the authoritarian regime that ended in 1974.

Compare the features of groups that are vulnerable to groupthink to the features of coercive cults.

An attitude is a belief about people,groups,ideas,or activities.

What is meant by the term ethnocentrism? Give one example to illustrate this term.

The tendency to take credit for one's good actions and to let the situation account for one's bad actions is called the fundamental attribution error.

From the standpoint of social and cultural psychology,some cultures and individuals are just inherently good or evil.

Groupthink occurs when members of a group lose awareness of their own individuality.

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters