Question 1

Juan believes that all Anglos are uptight and cold,and he won't listen to any evidence that contradicts his belief.This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) prejudice. 
B) ethnocentrism. 
C) stereotyping. 
D) self-serving bias. 
A) prejudice. 
B) ethnocentrism. 
C) stereotyping. 
D) self-serving bias.

Question 2

Brainwashing is politically motivated violence specifically designed to instill feelings of helplessness in a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In Asch's conformity experiment,the presence of one other person who gave the correct answer was enough to overcome agreement with the majority.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Doni enters an elevator and stands in it facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door.Doni is violating:

Accepted Answer

A) her gender role. 
B) a social role. 
C) a norm. 
D) a stereotype. 
A) her gender role. 
B) a social role. 
C) a norm. 
D) a stereotype.

Question 6

If you were being mugged in a public place,you would be more likely to get help if there were five people in the area rather than only one person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the Stanford prison study,male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards.The researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

A) within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky,developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. 
B) about five percent of the guards became tyrannical,giving the prisoners electric shocks when they were slow in obeying. 
C) 90 percent of the guards tried to be "tough but fair" and demanded that the tyrannical guards lighten up on the prisoners because it was only an experiment. 
D) the study was conducted in an unused wing of a real prison; therefore,the realistic atmosphere enhanced the role behavior of prisoners and guards. 
A) within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky,developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. 
B) about five percent of the guards became tyrannical,giving the prisoners electric shocks when they were slow in obeying. 
C) 90 percent of the guards tried to be "tough but fair" and demanded that the tyrannical guards lighten up on the prisoners because it was only an experiment. 
D) the study was conducted in an unused wing of a real prison; therefore,the realistic atmosphere enhanced the role behavior of prisoners and guards.

Question 8

When President George W.Bush launched an invasion of Iraq,claiming that the country had weapons of mass destruction and was allied with Al-Qaeda,he and his team ignored evidence from intelligence agencies that neither claim was actually true.This error can be attributed to a process called.

Accepted Answer

A) groupthink. 
B) unanimity. 
C) self-censorship. 
D) conservativism. 
A) groupthink. 
B) unanimity. 
C) self-censorship. 
D) conservativism.

Question 9

What important positive role do stereotypes play in human thinking?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 10

Women are more likely to donate a kidney to save another person's life than men are.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Describe the experimental design of the conformity studies conducted by Solomon Asch.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 12

Entrapment is a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time,money,or effort.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The philosopher Hannah Arendt,when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann,used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how this Nazi officer supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews.What does she mean by this phrase?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 14

Wise travelers use their knowledge of cultural differences to expand their understanding of human behavior,while avoiding the trap of stereotyping.What wisdom have you acquired about cultural differences from our chapter on social and cultural psychology?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 15

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Accepted Answer

A) occupational differences,because 90 percent of lower-SES individuals and 55 percent of upper-SES individuals inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
B) gender differences in a willingness to obey,because 75 percent of men but only 30 percent of women inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
C) that more than 90 percent of the subjects in Spain and in the Netherlands inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
D) that when the victim said that he had a heart ailment or screamed in agony,10 percent of the "teachers" inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
A) occupational differences,because 90 percent of lower-SES individuals and 55 percent of upper-SES individuals inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
B) gender differences in a willingness to obey,because 75 percent of men but only 30 percent of women inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
C) that more than 90 percent of the subjects in Spain and in the Netherlands inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
D) that when the victim said that he had a heart ailment or screamed in agony,10 percent of the "teachers" inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner."

Question 16

Lucas is making his way across a busy campus between classes.He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria but figures that someone already called the fire department.What phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) just-world hypothesis 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) deindividuation 
D) groupthink 
A) just-world hypothesis 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) deindividuation 
D) groupthink

Question 17

Methods of indoctrination include all of these elements EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the person is subjected to entrapment. 
B) all of the person's problems are reduced to one simple attribution. 
C) the person's past identity is strengthened. 
D) the person's access to information is severely controlled. 
A) the person is subjected to entrapment. 
B) all of the person's problems are reduced to one simple attribution. 
C) the person's past identity is strengthened. 
D) the person's access to information is severely controlled.

Question 18

Reports on overt attitudes toward prejudice:

Accepted Answer

A) conclude that prejudice in the United States has remained steady for four decades. 
B) conclude that white attitudes toward integration have become steadily less favorable. 
C) show that male sexism is increasing in hostile sexism and decreasing in benevolent sexism. 
D) often are not accurate measures of prejudice. 
A) conclude that prejudice in the United States has remained steady for four decades. 
B) conclude that white attitudes toward integration have become steadily less favorable. 
C) show that male sexism is increasing in hostile sexism and decreasing in benevolent sexism. 
D) often are not accurate measures of prejudice.

Question 19

Blaming the victim often results when a person strongly believes in the:

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of responsibility. 
B) attribution of responsibility. 
C) social identity theory. 
D) just-world hypothesis. 
A) diffusion of responsibility. 
B) attribution of responsibility. 
C) social identity theory. 
D) just-world hypothesis.

Question 20

In the prison study,almost all the guards became tyrannical,using harsh and abusive methods to interact with prisoners.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Juan believes that all Anglos are uptight and cold,and he won't listen to any evidence that contradicts his belief.This example illustrates:

Brainwashing is politically motivated violence specifically designed to instill feelings of helplessness in a population.

In Asch's conformity experiment,the presence of one other person who gave the correct answer was enough to overcome agreement with the majority.

The just-world hypothesis leads to a dispositional attribution called "blaming the victim."

Doni enters an elevator and stands in it facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door.Doni is violating:

If you were being mugged in a public place,you would be more likely to get help if there were five people in the area rather than only one person.

In the Stanford prison study,male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards.The researchers found that:

When President George W.Bush launched an invasion of Iraq,claiming that the country had weapons of mass destruction and was allied with Al-Qaeda,he and his team ignored evidence from intelligence agencies that neither claim was actually true.This error can be attributed to a process called.

What important positive role do stereotypes play in human thinking?

Women are more likely to donate a kidney to save another person's life than men are.

Describe the experimental design of the conformity studies conducted by Solomon Asch.

Entrapment is a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time,money,or effort.

The philosopher Hannah Arendt,when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann,used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how this Nazi officer supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews.What does she mean by this phrase?

Wise travelers use their knowledge of cultural differences to expand their understanding of human behavior,while avoiding the trap of stereotyping.What wisdom have you acquired about cultural differences from our chapter on social and cultural psychology?

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Lucas is making his way across a busy campus between classes.He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria but figures that someone already called the fire department.What phenomenon does this illustrate?

Methods of indoctrination include all of these elements EXCEPT:

Reports on overt attitudes toward prejudice:

Blaming the victim often results when a person strongly believes in the:

In the prison study,almost all the guards became tyrannical,using harsh and abusive methods to interact with prisoners.

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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