Question 1

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of psychological tension.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 2

A social cause of prejudice is to:

Accepted Answer

A) help people bond to their own ethnic group. 
B) increase self-esteem. 
C) increase conformity to social norms. 
D) make official forms of discrimination seem legitimate. 
A) help people bond to their own ethnic group. 
B) increase self-esteem. 
C) increase conformity to social norms. 
D) make official forms of discrimination seem legitimate.

Question 3

When we make situational attributions,we are identifying the cause of an action as something:

Accepted Answer

A) in the environment. 
B) in the person's disposition. 
C) that is a biological trait. 
D) with an unconscious motivation. 
A) in the environment. 
B) in the person's disposition. 
C) that is a biological trait. 
D) with an unconscious motivation.

Question 4

A cultural cause of prejudice is to:

Accepted Answer

A) help people bond to their own ethnic group. 
B) increase self-esteem. 
C) increase conformity to social norms. 
D) make official forms of discrimination seem legitimate. 
A) help people bond to their own ethnic group. 
B) increase self-esteem. 
C) increase conformity to social norms. 
D) make official forms of discrimination seem legitimate.

Question 5

Bystander apathy results from:

Accepted Answer

A) social loafing. 
B) deindividuation. 
C) diffusion of responsibility. 
D) the familiarity effect. 
A) social loafing. 
B) deindividuation. 
C) diffusion of responsibility. 
D) the familiarity effect.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a situational factor that will encourage a person to "rock the boat" and be a nonconformist?

Accepted Answer

A) the knowledge that if you protest a company policy you will be able to find another job 
B) the realization that intervention or help is needed 
C) the cost-benefit ratio supports your decision to get involved 
D) the knowledge that you are the only dissenting person and so it is up to you to take action 
A) the knowledge that if you protest a company policy you will be able to find another job 
B) the realization that intervention or help is needed 
C) the cost-benefit ratio supports your decision to get involved 
D) the knowledge that you are the only dissenting person and so it is up to you to take action

Question 7

According to attribution theory,the explanations we create of our behavior and the behavior of others generally fall into two categories.Describe these two categories.In your essay,discuss key concepts in attribution theory,such as the fundamental attribution error,self-serving bias,and the just-world hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 8

_______________ is a tendency for all people on a team or a mission together to agree with each other and suppress any dissension among their ranks.

Accepted Answer

A) Groupthink 
B) Conformity 
C) Consensus 
D) Deindividuation 
A) Groupthink 
B) Conformity 
C) Consensus 
D) Deindividuation

Question 9

When close-knit group members experience groupthink,it means that:

Accepted Answer

A) they tend to overestimate the personality factors of others and underestimate the situation. 
B) they tend to use problem-solving procedures that have been effective in the group's past. 
C) they tend to take individual credit for good decisions and blame the group for others. 
D) they tend to think alike and to suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony. 
A) they tend to overestimate the personality factors of others and underestimate the situation. 
B) they tend to use problem-solving procedures that have been effective in the group's past. 
C) they tend to take individual credit for good decisions and blame the group for others. 
D) they tend to think alike and to suppress disagreement for the sake of harmony.

Question 10

The validity effect is the tendency of people to believe that a statement is true simply because it has been repeated many times.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is the definition of "norm"?

Accepted Answer

A) a gradual process in which people escalate their commitment to a course of action 
B) a program of shared rules that govern the behavior of members of a society 
C) rules that regulate human life 
D) a given social position that is governed by rules for proper behavior 
A) a gradual process in which people escalate their commitment to a course of action 
B) a program of shared rules that govern the behavior of members of a society 
C) rules that regulate human life 
D) a given social position that is governed by rules for proper behavior

Question 12

Which statement best describes an aspect of Stanley Milgram's study of obedience?

Accepted Answer

A) an ominous-looking shock machine had voltage markings from zero to 450 volts 
B) participants in the study were randomly assigned to be teachers or learners 
C) participants were shocked when they made errors in reciting word pairs 
D) a learner and the teacher sat side by side across from the shock machine 
A) an ominous-looking shock machine had voltage markings from zero to 450 volts 
B) participants in the study were randomly assigned to be teachers or learners 
C) participants were shocked when they made errors in reciting word pairs 
D) a learner and the teacher sat side by side across from the shock machine

Question 13

Ethnocentrism rests on a fundamental social identity: "us" as compared to "not-us."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Angela is a participant in an experiment and joins seven other students seated in a room.She is shown a 10-inch test line and must choose the line that matches it in length from a choice of three lines.The experimenter,Solomon Asch,is interested in studying:

Accepted Answer

A) visual perception. 
B) depth perception. 
C) absolute threshold. 
D) conformity. 
A) visual perception. 
B) depth perception. 
C) absolute threshold. 
D) conformity.

Question 15

_______________ are defined as rules that regulate human life.

Accepted Answer

A) Norms 
B) Roles 
C) Routines 
D) Stereotypes 
A) Norms 
B) Roles 
C) Routines 
D) Stereotypes

Question 16

When traveling to another country it is important to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) be sure to understand the other culture's rules and customs. 
B) remember that every human being is an individual. 
C) avoid stereotyping people who belong to different cultural groups. 
D) avoid adopting the behaviors of the culture because it will seem insincere. 
A) be sure to understand the other culture's rules and customs. 
B) remember that every human being is an individual. 
C) avoid stereotyping people who belong to different cultural groups. 
D) avoid adopting the behaviors of the culture because it will seem insincere.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a sign of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A) an illusion of invulnerability 
B) weak leadership within the group 
C) self-censorship 
D) an illusion of unanimity 
A) an illusion of invulnerability 
B) weak leadership within the group 
C) self-censorship 
D) an illusion of unanimity

Question 18

In a series of experiments,participants responded to black or white faces and to positive or negative words.When the words "white + bad" were on one computer key and the words "white + good" were on another key,these participants:

Accepted Answer

A) took longer to respond to the "white + good" condition than to the "white + bad" condition. 
B) took longer to respond to the "white + bad" condition than to the "white + good" condition. 
C) took the same amount of time for the "white + bad" and the "white + good" condition. 
D) made more errors regarding the words in the "white + good" condition. 
A) took longer to respond to the "white + good" condition than to the "white + bad" condition. 
B) took longer to respond to the "white + bad" condition than to the "white + good" condition. 
C) took the same amount of time for the "white + bad" and the "white + good" condition. 
D) made more errors regarding the words in the "white + good" condition.

Question 19

Replications of Asch's conformity experiment show that:

Accepted Answer

A) regardless of culture,people are more likely to conform in groups of people that are similar in age,sex,and ethnicity. 
B) Americans of today are more likely to conform in the Asch paradigm than were Americans in the 1950s. 
C) people in individualist cultures are more likely to conform than individuals from collectivist cultures. 
D) when people are asked to make these line judgments on their own,about 20 percent still make mistakes on the task. 
A) regardless of culture,people are more likely to conform in groups of people that are similar in age,sex,and ethnicity. 
B) Americans of today are more likely to conform in the Asch paradigm than were Americans in the 1950s. 
C) people in individualist cultures are more likely to conform than individuals from collectivist cultures. 
D) when people are asked to make these line judgments on their own,about 20 percent still make mistakes on the task.

Question 20

Before Milgram's study on obedience began,psychiatrists predicted that only one person in a thousand would administer the highest voltage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of psychological tension.

A social cause of prejudice is to:

When we make situational attributions,we are identifying the cause of an action as something:

A cultural cause of prejudice is to:

Bystander apathy results from:

Which of the following is NOT a situational factor that will encourage a person to "rock the boat" and be a nonconformist?

_______________ is a tendency for all people on a team or a mission together to agree with each other and suppress any dissension among their ranks.

When close-knit group members experience groupthink,it means that:

The validity effect is the tendency of people to believe that a statement is true simply because it has been repeated many times.

Which of the following is the definition of "norm"?

Which statement best describes an aspect of Stanley Milgram's study of obedience?

Ethnocentrism rests on a fundamental social identity: "us" as compared to "not-us."

Angela is a participant in an experiment and joins seven other students seated in a room.She is shown a 10-inch test line and must choose the line that matches it in length from a choice of three lines.The experimenter,Solomon Asch,is interested in studying:

_______________ are defined as rules that regulate human life.

When traveling to another country it is important to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT a sign of groupthink?

In a series of experiments,participants responded to black or white faces and to positive or negative words.When the words "white + bad" were on one computer key and the words "white + good" were on another key,these participants:

Replications of Asch's conformity experiment show that:

Before Milgram's study on obedience began,psychiatrists predicted that only one person in a thousand would administer the highest voltage.

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters