Question 1

Theorists have designed these mathematical modes of the brain that can "learn" some aspects of language:

Accepted Answer

A) language acquisition devise 
B) computer neural networks 
C) grammar generation devise 
D) personal grammar devise 
A) language acquisition devise 
B) computer neural networks 
C) grammar generation devise 
D) personal grammar devise

Question 2

Most psychologists would agree that the evolutionary history of our species accounts for our:

Accepted Answer

A) engagement in warfare. 
B) preference for sweet tastes. 
C) willingness to help others. 
D) sexual strategies. 
A) engagement in warfare. 
B) preference for sweet tastes. 
C) willingness to help others. 
D) sexual strategies.

Question 3

Heritability is defined as a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Lead can damage the nervous system and lead to lower IQ scores.Research in the United States indicates that the concentration of lead in black children's blood is _______________ higher than in white children's blood.

Accepted Answer

A) 50 percent 
B) 35 percent 
C) 20 percent 
D) 5 percent 
A) 50 percent 
B) 35 percent 
C) 20 percent 
D) 5 percent

Question 5

When she is teaching a class on "Our Human Heritage," Prof.Shelbourne,a sociobiologist,is likely to contend that:

Accepted Answer

A) evolution has bred into each of us a tendency to act in ways that maximize our chances of passing on our genes. 
B) evolution can explain simple behaviors,such as smiling or recognizing emotions,but it cannot account for complex social customs,such as altruism. 
C) it is simplistic and misleading for researchers to study nonhuman species and argue by analogy that humans have characteristics with similar evolutionary origins. 
D) explanations of infidelity and monogamy are based on stereotypes of gender differences,not the actual behavior of human beings. 
A) evolution has bred into each of us a tendency to act in ways that maximize our chances of passing on our genes. 
B) evolution can explain simple behaviors,such as smiling or recognizing emotions,but it cannot account for complex social customs,such as altruism. 
C) it is simplistic and misleading for researchers to study nonhuman species and argue by analogy that humans have characteristics with similar evolutionary origins. 
D) explanations of infidelity and monogamy are based on stereotypes of gender differences,not the actual behavior of human beings.

Question 6

What is "practice play"? How might it be beneficial in an evolutionary sense?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 7

For adults,heritability estimates average around .60 to .80; that is,the majority of the variance in IQ scores is explainable by genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Within every cell are rod-shaped structures called chromosomes that carry the genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to the principle of _______________,the fate of genetic variations depends on the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection 
B) sociobiology 
C) linkage 
D) genetic markers 
A) natural selection 
B) sociobiology 
C) linkage 
D) genetic markers

Question 10

Even when a trait is highly heritable,it can still be modified by the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Social scientists disagree on the role of evolution in accounting for the complex issue of courtship and mating.How do sociobiologists explain these issues? How do evolutionary psychologists differ in their explanations? What basic issue divides evolutionary psychologists and their critics?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 12

Evolution is defined as a change of gene frequencies within a population over many generations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A sociobiologist is likely to contend that evolution has bred into each of us a tendency to act in ways that maximize our chances of passing on our genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A major problem with genetic explanations of racial differences in IQ is that:

Accepted Answer

A) although intelligence differs between groups,it does not differ within groups. 
B) heritability estimates used in supporting genetic explanations of group differences are based mainly on white samples. 
C) the studies supporting a genetic explanation typically use black and white children from comparable socioeconomic groups. 
D) genetic explanations are based on linkage studies. 
A) although intelligence differs between groups,it does not differ within groups. 
B) heritability estimates used in supporting genetic explanations of group differences are based mainly on white samples. 
C) the studies supporting a genetic explanation typically use black and white children from comparable socioeconomic groups. 
D) genetic explanations are based on linkage studies.

Question 15

Sound methodological studies fail to show any genetic differences in intelligence between blacks and whites.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Our textbook describes four influences that have been associated with reduced mental abilities in children.Discuss these four risk factors.In contrast,a stimulating environment can promote mental performance.What aspects of mental enrichment made a difference to the children who participated in the longitudinal study called the Abecedarian Project?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 17

Over the past 150 years,Darwin's ideas have been vehemently rejected by findings in anthropology,botany,and molecular genetics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to Chomsky,children are born _______________,that is,their brains are sensitive to the core features common to all languages,such as nouns and verbs,subjects and objects,and negatives.

Accepted Answer

A) able to calculate statistical patterns among words 
B) with neural networks 
C) understanding deep structure 
D) with a universal grammar 
A) able to calculate statistical patterns among words 
B) with neural networks 
C) understanding deep structure 
D) with a universal grammar

Question 19

New characteristics can result from all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous genetic mutations. 
B) crossover of genetic material between members of a chromosome pair. 
C) addition of new amino acids to the DNA molecule. 
D) recombination of genetic material. 
A) spontaneous genetic mutations. 
B) crossover of genetic material between members of a chromosome pair. 
C) addition of new amino acids to the DNA molecule. 
D) recombination of genetic material.

Question 20

Because IQ is highly heritable,school achievement and IQ cannot be boosted much.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

Theorists have designed these mathematical modes of the brain that can "learn" some aspects of language:

Most psychologists would agree that the evolutionary history of our species accounts for our:

Heritability is defined as a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Lead can damage the nervous system and lead to lower IQ scores.Research in the United States indicates that the concentration of lead in black children's blood is _______________ higher than in white children's blood.

When she is teaching a class on "Our Human Heritage," Prof.Shelbourne,a sociobiologist,is likely to contend that:

What is "practice play"? How might it be beneficial in an evolutionary sense?

For adults,heritability estimates average around .60 to .80; that is,the majority of the variance in IQ scores is explainable by genetic differences.

Within every cell are rod-shaped structures called chromosomes that carry the genes.

According to the principle of _______________,the fate of genetic variations depends on the environment.

Even when a trait is highly heritable,it can still be modified by the environment.

Social scientists disagree on the role of evolution in accounting for the complex issue of courtship and mating.How do sociobiologists explain these issues? How do evolutionary psychologists differ in their explanations? What basic issue divides evolutionary psychologists and their critics?

Evolution is defined as a change of gene frequencies within a population over many generations.

A sociobiologist is likely to contend that evolution has bred into each of us a tendency to act in ways that maximize our chances of passing on our genes.

A major problem with genetic explanations of racial differences in IQ is that:

Sound methodological studies fail to show any genetic differences in intelligence between blacks and whites.

Over the past 150 years,Darwin's ideas have been vehemently rejected by findings in anthropology,botany,and molecular genetics.

According to Chomsky,children are born _______________,that is,their brains are sensitive to the core features common to all languages,such as nouns and verbs,subjects and objects,and negatives.

New characteristics can result from all of the following EXCEPT:

Because IQ is highly heritable,school achievement and IQ cannot be boosted much.

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters