Question 1

If Culture Y places a high value on conformity, then people in Culture Y will be likely to use self-enhancement:

Accepted Answer

A)  only rarely 
B)  to show that they conform to the group 
C)  in ways that make them stand out from the crowd in non-conforming ways 
D)  only if others see them as conformists 
A)  only rarely 
B)  to show that they conform to the group 
C)  in ways that make them stand out from the crowd in non-conforming ways 
D)  only if others see them as conformists

Question 2

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  weakly related 
B)  moderately related 
C)  strongly related 
D)  randomly related 
A)  weakly related 
B)  moderately related 
C)  strongly related 
D)  randomly related

Question 3

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated, the ____________ is still considered useful for some purposes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rorschach ink blot test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test 
C)  draw-a-family test 
D)  imaginary friend test 
A)  Rorschach ink blot test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test 
C)  draw-a-family test 
D)  imaginary friend test

Question 4

In Eysenck's hierarchical model of personality, the most general or superordinate traits are:

Accepted Answer

A)  introversion/extroversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism 
B)  sociability, dominance, and assertiveness 
C)  conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism 
D)  introversion/extroversion, sociability, and neuroticism 
A)  introversion/extroversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism 
B)  sociability, dominance, and assertiveness 
C)  conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism 
D)  introversion/extroversion, sociability, and neuroticism

Question 5

Researchers in positive psychology are investigating what contributes to our happiness. Up to 50 percent to 80 percent of the variance in happiness can be explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics 
B)  life conditions (wealth and where a person lives) 
C)  life experience 
D)  physical health and abilities 
A)  genetics 
B)  life conditions (wealth and where a person lives) 
C)  life experience 
D)  physical health and abilities

Question 6

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  It affects the general structure of personality but does not predict specific behaviour patterns. 
B)  Temperament changes so much over early development that no consistent relationships have been documented. 
C)  It correlates with both the general structure of adult personality and with specific behavioural patterns shown by adults. 
D)  It predicts negative but not positive behaviours. 
A)  It affects the general structure of personality but does not predict specific behaviour patterns. 
B)  Temperament changes so much over early development that no consistent relationships have been documented. 
C)  It correlates with both the general structure of adult personality and with specific behavioural patterns shown by adults. 
D)  It predicts negative but not positive behaviours.

Question 7

____________ is a trait that appears in both Eysenck's hierarchical model and in the five-factor theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conscientiousness 
B)  Agreeableness 
C)  Openness to experience 
D)  Neuroticism 
A)  Conscientiousness 
B)  Agreeableness 
C)  Openness to experience 
D)  Neuroticism

Question 8

You overhear two friends arguing about what is the principal determinant of personality. John takes the view that personality is determined by unconscious conflicts while Joan asserts that it is the outcome of learning processes. What famous psychologists would they likely bring into their arguments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rogers and Seligman 
B)  Freud and Skinner 
C)  Maslow and Rogers 
D)  Jung and Adler 
A)  Rogers and Seligman 
B)  Freud and Skinner 
C)  Maslow and Rogers 
D)  Jung and Adler

Question 9

Imagine that two of your friends from high school were adopted as infants by the same family. Research would suggest that their personality characteristics will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  quite similar 
B)  similar to those of their same-sex adoptive parent 
C)  highly similar to their adoptive parents but not their biological parents 
D)  different from each other and different from their adoptive parents 
A)  quite similar 
B)  similar to those of their same-sex adoptive parent 
C)  highly similar to their adoptive parents but not their biological parents 
D)  different from each other and different from their adoptive parents

Question 10

Your psychology teacher is studying the personalities of the students in the class and asks everyone to write a personal narrative involving his or her experiences in university thus far. The teacher is using a(n) ____________ approach to personality description.

Accepted Answer

A)  nomothetic 
B)  trait 
C)  idiographic 
D)  projective 
A)  nomothetic 
B)  trait 
C)  idiographic 
D)  projective

Question 11

The fact that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures:

Accepted Answer

A)  indicates that genetic factors are primarily responsible for personality formation 
B)  tells us nothing about what factors may be causing such changes 
C)  indicates that such changes are not entirely a function of the environment 
D)  suggests that all cultures have similar stereotypes related to aging 
A)  indicates that genetic factors are primarily responsible for personality formation 
B)  tells us nothing about what factors may be causing such changes 
C)  indicates that such changes are not entirely a function of the environment 
D)  suggests that all cultures have similar stereotypes related to aging

Question 12

According to your textbook, scoring low on the trait of ____________ is associated with relatively high consistency in your behaviour across situations.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  subjective well-being 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  subjective well-being

Question 13

When George mentions many times that his cousin is a famous basketball star, he is "basking in the glow of reflected glory." This tendency:

Accepted Answer

A)  results in lower self-esteem for those listening to George 
B)  results in lower self-esteem for George 
C)  is called social esteem 
D)  is a self-evaluation maintenance strategy 
A)  results in lower self-esteem for those listening to George 
B)  results in lower self-esteem for George 
C)  is called social esteem 
D)  is a self-evaluation maintenance strategy

Question 14

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is:

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic, oral, latency, anal, and genital 
B)  Oedipal, oral, anal, phallic, and genital 
C)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital 
D)  anal, oral, latency, genital, and phallic 
A)  phallic, oral, latency, anal, and genital 
B)  Oedipal, oral, anal, phallic, and genital 
C)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital 
D)  anal, oral, latency, genital, and phallic

Question 15

A major change in how psychologists have approached the study of personality over the last several decades is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  genes have become less important over time 
B)  more emphasis is now placed on the important role played by parenting styles 
C)  there is now less interest in what are called the Big Five personality traits 
D)  they have increasingly focused on the biological determinants of personality 
A)  genes have become less important over time 
B)  more emphasis is now placed on the important role played by parenting styles 
C)  there is now less interest in what are called the Big Five personality traits 
D)  they have increasingly focused on the biological determinants of personality

Question 16

Your roommate is an extremely shy person. Research suggests that she:

Accepted Answer

A)  probably acquired this disposition during a difficult time in her adolescence 
B)  displayed signs of inhibition and social distress even as a very young child 
C)  was raised by parents who provided supportive and calm environments that fostered her quiet character 
D)  may have suffered some trauma as an infant 
A)  probably acquired this disposition during a difficult time in her adolescence 
B)  displayed signs of inhibition and social distress even as a very young child 
C)  was raised by parents who provided supportive and calm environments that fostered her quiet character 
D)  may have suffered some trauma as an infant

Question 17

Which of the following best reflects the meaning of the term phenomenology?

Accepted Answer

A)  understanding people through subjective and personal reports 
B)  the study of odd or bizarre events in someone's life history 
C)  the study of social behaviours that impact people's personalities 
D)  another word for positive psychology 
A)  understanding people through subjective and personal reports 
B)  the study of odd or bizarre events in someone's life history 
C)  the study of social behaviours that impact people's personalities 
D)  another word for positive psychology

Question 18

According to research on physiological arousal and personality, which brain structures have been associated with inhibiting behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala and cerebellum 
B)  amygdala and frontal lobes 
C)  frontal lobes and cerebellum 
D)  cerebellum and hippocampus 
A)  amygdala and cerebellum 
B)  amygdala and frontal lobes 
C)  frontal lobes and cerebellum 
D)  cerebellum and hippocampus

Question 19

When it comes to personality, most psychologists recognize that personality emerges from:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional positive regard which leads to positive mental health 
B)  childhood experiences as one passes through the psychosexual stages 
C)  learning from psychological experiences with little or no influence from genetics 
D)  biological factors including genes, brain structures, and neurochemistry 
A)  unconditional positive regard which leads to positive mental health 
B)  childhood experiences as one passes through the psychosexual stages 
C)  learning from psychological experiences with little or no influence from genetics 
D)  biological factors including genes, brain structures, and neurochemistry

Question 20

Charles is a 75-year-old male. His family has recently told him that he has changed as he has aged. If Charles is typical of aging people, which of these changes in Charles's personality is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles is more neurotic than he used to be. 
B)  Charles is less conscientious than he used to be. 
C)  Charles is more agreeable than he used to be. 
D)  Charles is more extroverted than he used to be. 
A)  Charles is more neurotic than he used to be. 
B)  Charles is less conscientious than he used to be. 
C)  Charles is more agreeable than he used to be. 
D)  Charles is more extroverted than he used to be.

If Culture Y places a high value on conformity, then people in Culture Y will be likely to use self-enhancement:

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated, the ____________ is still considered useful for some purposes.

In Eysenck's hierarchical model of personality, the most general or superordinate traits are:

Researchers in positive psychology are investigating what contributes to our happiness. Up to 50 percent to 80 percent of the variance in happiness can be explained by:

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

____________ is a trait that appears in both Eysenck's hierarchical model and in the five-factor theory.

Imagine that two of your friends from high school were adopted as infants by the same family. Research would suggest that their personality characteristics will be:

Your psychology teacher is studying the personalities of the students in the class and asks everyone to write a personal narrative involving his or her experiences in university thus far. The teacher is using a(n) ____________ approach to personality description.

The fact that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures:

According to your textbook, scoring low on the trait of ____________ is associated with relatively high consistency in your behaviour across situations.

When George mentions many times that his cousin is a famous basketball star, he is "basking in the glow of reflected glory." This tendency:

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is:

A major change in how psychologists have approached the study of personality over the last several decades is that:

Your roommate is an extremely shy person. Research suggests that she:

Which of the following best reflects the meaning of the term phenomenology?

According to research on physiological arousal and personality, which brain structures have been associated with inhibiting behaviour?

When it comes to personality, most psychologists recognize that personality emerges from:

Charles is a 75-year-old male. His family has recently told him that he has changed as he has aged. If Charles is typical of aging people, which of these changes in Charles's personality is most likely?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

If Culture Y places a high value on conformity, then people in Culture Y will be likely to use self-enhancement:

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated, the ____________ is still considered useful for some purposes.

In Eysenck's hierarchical model of personality, the most general or superordinate traits are:

Researchers in positive psychology are investigating what contributes to our happiness. Up to 50 percent to 80 percent of the variance in happiness can be explained by:

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

____________ is a trait that appears in both Eysenck's hierarchical model and in the five-factor theory.

Imagine that two of your friends from high school were adopted as infants by the same family. Research would suggest that their personality characteristics will be:

Your psychology teacher is studying the personalities of the students in the class and asks everyone to write a personal narrative involving his or her experiences in university thus far. The teacher is using a(n) ____________ approach to personality description.

The fact that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures:

According to your textbook, scoring low on the trait of ____________ is associated with relatively high consistency in your behaviour across situations.

When George mentions many times that his cousin is a famous basketball star, he is "basking in the glow of reflected glory." This tendency:

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is:

A major change in how psychologists have approached the study of personality over the last several decades is that:

Your roommate is an extremely shy person. Research suggests that she:

Which of the following best reflects the meaning of the term phenomenology?

According to research on physiological arousal and personality, which brain structures have been associated with inhibiting behaviour?

When it comes to personality, most psychologists recognize that personality emerges from:

Charles is a 75-year-old male. His family has recently told him that he has changed as he has aged. If Charles is typical of aging people, which of these changes in Charles's personality is most likely?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters