Question 1

Most people feel that they are ____________ and this view is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  about average; an accurate one 
B)  about average; an inaccurate one 
C)  above average; an inaccurate one 
D)  below average; an inaccurate one 
A)  about average; an accurate one 
B)  about average; an inaccurate one 
C)  above average; an inaccurate one 
D)  below average; an inaccurate one

Question 2

Many studies show that personality traits are predictive of behaviour. For instance, a person who has very high levels of neuroticism will likely show:

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased risk of depression 
B)  an increased risk of marital dissatisfaction and divorce 
C)  a decreased risk of illness 
D)  an increased chance of optimism and happiness 
A)  a decreased risk of depression 
B)  an increased risk of marital dissatisfaction and divorce 
C)  a decreased risk of illness 
D)  an increased chance of optimism and happiness

Question 3

Anna is a university student from Canada and Michiko is a university student from Japan. Both have taken the same personality assessment as part of a psychology research study. Which of these young women is likely to score higher in neuroticism and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anna, because Canadians tend to be more neurotic in general 
B)  Anna, because Canadians tend to have relatively low self-esteem 
C)  Michiko, because the Japanese may be more modest in evaluating their own traits 
D)  Michiko, because the Japanese tend to be more openly emotional and expressive, which is a factor in neuroticism 
A)  Anna, because Canadians tend to be more neurotic in general 
B)  Anna, because Canadians tend to have relatively low self-esteem 
C)  Michiko, because the Japanese may be more modest in evaluating their own traits 
D)  Michiko, because the Japanese tend to be more openly emotional and expressive, which is a factor in neuroticism

Question 4

In a study described in your text, extremely homophobic men were shown videos of homosexual sex and responded with more physiological arousal than did less homophobic individuals. This finding provides evidence in support of:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixation at the oral stage 
B)  an underdeveloped id 
C)  defence mechanisms 
D)  low locus of control in homophobic people 
A)  fixation at the oral stage 
B)  an underdeveloped id 
C)  defence mechanisms 
D)  low locus of control in homophobic people

Question 5

How are personality stability and age related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are more stable in their traits than are older adults. 
B)  There is some stability at any age, but particularly after the age of 50. 
C)  Age and personality stability are basically unrelated. 
D)  Stability in personality traits is constant across development. 
A)  Children are more stable in their traits than are older adults. 
B)  There is some stability at any age, but particularly after the age of 50. 
C)  Age and personality stability are basically unrelated. 
D)  Stability in personality traits is constant across development.

Question 6

Dr. Henry suggests that personality is adaptive to the environment, functions in a unique and whole system that is different for every person, and is based on physiological mechanisms. Her view of personality:

Accepted Answer

A)  is somewhat outdated 
B)  is based on research by Sigmund Freud 
C)  represents the current understanding in personality psychology 
D)  has more in common with Carl Jung than with Gordon Allport 
A)  is somewhat outdated 
B)  is based on research by Sigmund Freud 
C)  represents the current understanding in personality psychology 
D)  has more in common with Carl Jung than with Gordon Allport

Question 7

According to Gray's model of personality, extroverts are likely to ____________ new situations and people and introverts are likely to ____________ new situations and people.

Accepted Answer

A)  approach; approach 
B)  avoid; avoid 
C)  avoid; approach 
D)  approach; avoid 
A)  approach; approach 
B)  avoid; avoid 
C)  avoid; approach 
D)  approach; avoid

Question 8

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Are you a kind person?" 
B)  "Is your best friend a kind person?" 
C)  "Is your mother a kind person?" 
D)  "Are most of the people you know kind people?" 
A)  "Are you a kind person?" 
B)  "Is your best friend a kind person?" 
C)  "Is your mother a kind person?" 
D)  "Are most of the people you know kind people?"

Question 9

If Silva and Stanton had classified you as having an undercontrolled temperament at age 3, by age 21 you would:

Accepted Answer

A)  show little evidence of this temperament 
B)  be at risk for alcohol and criminal behaviour problems 
C)  be more inhibited than the average person 
D)  be better adjusted than most of your peers 
A)  show little evidence of this temperament 
B)  be at risk for alcohol and criminal behaviour problems 
C)  be more inhibited than the average person 
D)  be better adjusted than most of your peers

Question 10

The positive psychology movement launched by Seligman and others differs from other humanistic approaches:

Accepted Answer

A)  in that it emphasizes science instead of phenomenology to understand human behaviour and personality 
B)  in using phenomenology in radically new ways 
C)  in being less concerned with human happiness and life satisfaction 
D)  in that it focuses more on therapy settings than on conducting research 
A)  in that it emphasizes science instead of phenomenology to understand human behaviour and personality 
B)  in using phenomenology in radically new ways 
C)  in being less concerned with human happiness and life satisfaction 
D)  in that it focuses more on therapy settings than on conducting research

Question 11

An advantage of studying personality across species is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers don't need to use subjective ratings 
B)  stereotypes can be avoided 
C)  this evidence provides a biologically based explanation for personality traits 
D)  researchers can avoid having to use ethical considerations when conducting research 
A)  researchers don't need to use subjective ratings 
B)  stereotypes can be avoided 
C)  this evidence provides a biologically based explanation for personality traits 
D)  researchers can avoid having to use ethical considerations when conducting research

Question 12

An accurate summary of the contribution of genes to personality is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly all personality traits are influenced by genetics 
B)  genetics contributes only to agreeableness and openness to new experiences 
C)  genetics contributes only to neuroticism 
D)  genetics has little influence on any of the personality traits 
A)  nearly all personality traits are influenced by genetics 
B)  genetics contributes only to agreeableness and openness to new experiences 
C)  genetics contributes only to neuroticism 
D)  genetics has little influence on any of the personality traits

Question 13

Freud argued that defence mechanisms are:

Accepted Answer

A)  strategies the id uses to satisfy the pleasure principle 
B)  mental strategies we consciously employ to deal with unacceptable sexual urges 
C)  unconscious strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress 
D)  strategies employed by the superego to satisfy the reality principle 
A)  strategies the id uses to satisfy the pleasure principle 
B)  mental strategies we consciously employ to deal with unacceptable sexual urges 
C)  unconscious strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress 
D)  strategies employed by the superego to satisfy the reality principle

Question 14

Freud thought that during the latency stage of development:

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual urges were suppressed or channeled into various acceptable activities 
B)  children dealt with sexual urges by identifying with the same-sex parent 
C)  libidinal urges are much reduced because of hormonal changes 
D)  children are developing more mature attitudes toward their sexuality 
A)  sexual urges were suppressed or channeled into various acceptable activities 
B)  children dealt with sexual urges by identifying with the same-sex parent 
C)  libidinal urges are much reduced because of hormonal changes 
D)  children are developing more mature attitudes toward their sexuality

Question 15

Why would a psychodynamic psychotherapist be against giving an objective personality test to a client?

Accepted Answer

A)  People usually fake their results on objective tests. 
B)  They are much more time consuming than projective tests. 
C)  They measure conscious rather than unconscious processes. 
D)  Those tests lack a research basis. 
A)  People usually fake their results on objective tests. 
B)  They are much more time consuming than projective tests. 
C)  They measure conscious rather than unconscious processes. 
D)  Those tests lack a research basis.

Question 16

Shahar really wanted to go to a concert but her mom said she couldn't go because she was very irresponsible about doing her chores. Shahar thought about climbing out of the window and going to the concert anyway, but she decided her mom would be very upset. Instead, Shahar suggested to her mom that if she completed all of her chores around the house, the next time the band played in her town, her mom should let her go. Her mom agreed that that was a good and fair solution. Shahar was using her ____________ to develop a reasonable solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  life instinct 
A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  life instinct

Question 17

Angelique told her boyfriend she was tired of cooking and secretly Angelique hoped her boyfriend would make dinner for her. She said: "Did you want me to make you nice tonight?" instead of saying "make you rice tonight." This kind of example provides evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the superego is sometimes stronger than the ego when we balance the needs of the self and others 
B)  contents of the unconscious mind can become conscious 
C)  the libido is sometimes stronger than the pleasure principle in social situations 
D)  selfish behaviour is often unintentional 
A)  the superego is sometimes stronger than the ego when we balance the needs of the self and others 
B)  contents of the unconscious mind can become conscious 
C)  the libido is sometimes stronger than the pleasure principle in social situations 
D)  selfish behaviour is often unintentional

Question 18

Which of the following is most clearly a knowledge-based construct?

Accepted Answer

A)  the self 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  self-evaluation 
D)  self-schema 
A)  the self 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  self-evaluation 
D)  self-schema

Question 19

Psychologists agree that the best method for measuring aspects of personality is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  ask people's friends or relatives 
B)  observe how people behave 
C)  have people report on themselves 
D)  No, psychologists do not yet agree on the best method. 
A)  ask people's friends or relatives 
B)  observe how people behave 
C)  have people report on themselves 
D)  No, psychologists do not yet agree on the best method.

Question 20

Based on Freud's psychosexual stage theory, which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  "How come none of the girls at school like me?" 
B)  "You are soooo beautiful!" 
C)  "I wish you would go away so I could spend more time with Dad!" 
D)  "You are mean. I don't like you!" 
A)  "How come none of the girls at school like me?" 
B)  "You are soooo beautiful!" 
C)  "I wish you would go away so I could spend more time with Dad!" 
D)  "You are mean. I don't like you!"

Most people feel that they are and this view is .

Many studies show that personality traits are predictive of behaviour. For instance, a person who has very high levels of neuroticism will likely show:

Anna is a university student from Canada and Michiko is a university student from Japan. Both have taken the same personality assessment as part of a psychology research study. Which of these young women is likely to score higher in neuroticism and why?

In a study described in your text, extremely homophobic men were shown videos of homosexual sex and responded with more physiological arousal than did less homophobic individuals. This finding provides evidence in support of:

How are personality stability and age related?

Dr. Henry suggests that personality is adaptive to the environment, functions in a unique and whole system that is different for every person, and is based on physiological mechanisms. Her view of personality:

According to Gray's model of personality, extroverts are likely to new situations and people and introverts are likely to new situations and people.

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

If Silva and Stanton had classified you as having an undercontrolled temperament at age 3, by age 21 you would:

The positive psychology movement launched by Seligman and others differs from other humanistic approaches:

An advantage of studying personality across species is that:

An accurate summary of the contribution of genes to personality is that:

Freud argued that defence mechanisms are:

Freud thought that during the latency stage of development:

Why would a psychodynamic psychotherapist be against giving an objective personality test to a client?

Angelique told her boyfriend she was tired of cooking and secretly Angelique hoped her boyfriend would make dinner for her. She said: "Did you want me to make you nice tonight?" instead of saying "make you rice tonight." This kind of example provides evidence that:

Which of the following is most clearly a knowledge-based construct?

Psychologists agree that the best method for measuring aspects of personality is to:

Based on Freud's psychosexual stage theory, which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

Most people feel that they are ____________ and this view is ____________.

Many studies show that personality traits are predictive of behaviour. For instance, a person who has very high levels of neuroticism will likely show:

Anna is a university student from Canada and Michiko is a university student from Japan. Both have taken the same personality assessment as part of a psychology research study. Which of these young women is likely to score higher in neuroticism and why?

In a study described in your text, extremely homophobic men were shown videos of homosexual sex and responded with more physiological arousal than did less homophobic individuals. This finding provides evidence in support of:

How are personality stability and age related?

Dr. Henry suggests that personality is adaptive to the environment, functions in a unique and whole system that is different for every person, and is based on physiological mechanisms. Her view of personality:

According to Gray's model of personality, extroverts are likely to ____________ new situations and people and introverts are likely to ____________ new situations and people.

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

If Silva and Stanton had classified you as having an undercontrolled temperament at age 3, by age 21 you would:

The positive psychology movement launched by Seligman and others differs from other humanistic approaches:

An advantage of studying personality across species is that:

An accurate summary of the contribution of genes to personality is that:

Freud argued that defence mechanisms are:

Freud thought that during the latency stage of development:

Why would a psychodynamic psychotherapist be against giving an objective personality test to a client?

Angelique told her boyfriend she was tired of cooking and secretly Angelique hoped her boyfriend would make dinner for her. She said: "Did you want me to make you nice tonight?" instead of saying "make you rice tonight." This kind of example provides evidence that:

Which of the following is most clearly a knowledge-based construct?

Psychologists agree that the best method for measuring aspects of personality is to:

Based on Freud's psychosexual stage theory, which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Most people feel that they are and this view is .

According to Gray's model of personality, extroverts are likely to new situations and people and introverts are likely to new situations and people.