Question 1

Aliens land on Earth and wonder what kinds of organisms live here. They study human and nonhuman animal "personality." What do they conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality across human and nonhuman animals cannot be compared. 
B)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of assertiveness or dominance. 
C)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of agreeableness. 
D)  There are a few basic personality traits that can be seen in and compared across human and nonhuman animals. 
A)  Personality across human and nonhuman animals cannot be compared. 
B)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of assertiveness or dominance. 
C)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of agreeableness. 
D)  There are a few basic personality traits that can be seen in and compared across human and nonhuman animals.

Question 2

Which of the following did Gordon Allport NOT emphasize in his definition of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  a changing, dynamic structure 
B)  a psychophysical basis 
C)  a coherent organization 
D)  an id, ego, and superego 
A)  a changing, dynamic structure 
B)  a psychophysical basis 
C)  a coherent organization 
D)  an id, ego, and superego

Question 3

If, by a strange accident of fate, people born in the next 10 years did not have full use of their frontal lobes, what kind of personality trait would become increasingly common?

Accepted Answer

A)  extreme introversion 
B)  impulsive sensation seeking 
C)  behavioural restraint 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  extreme introversion 
B)  impulsive sensation seeking 
C)  behavioural restraint 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 4

Joellie is a competent woman with high self-esteem. She was given a big project at work and was sure that she could complete it on time. Months later, she was not finished with the project and began to blame the project manager: "Why did you give me such a hard task? It's not my fault it isn't finished. The project management was terrible and the project was doomed to fail from the beginning." Joellie is showing evidence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-serving bias 
B)  self-esteem disengagement 
C)  self-sabotage 
D)  a self-deprecating personality style 
A)  a self-serving bias 
B)  self-esteem disengagement 
C)  self-sabotage 
D)  a self-deprecating personality style

Question 5

Researchers have found that the trait of conscientiousness predicts____________ and openness to experience predicts____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  friendliness; extroversion 
B)  intelligence; impulsivity 
C)  high school grades; standardized test scores 
D)  shyness; extroversion 
A)  friendliness; extroversion 
B)  intelligence; impulsivity 
C)  high school grades; standardized test scores 
D)  shyness; extroversion

Question 6

Jered was adopted as an infant in 1973. Jered has an identical twin who was also adopted in 1973 by a different family. As an adult, Jered's personality should most resemble that of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a sibling in his adoptive family 
B)  one or both of his adoptive parents 
C)  one or both of his biological parents 
D)  his identical twin 
A)  a sibling in his adoptive family 
B)  one or both of his adoptive parents 
C)  one or both of his biological parents 
D)  his identical twin

Question 7

One current view on self-enhancement suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Easterners tend to self-enhance more than Westerners 
B)  Westerners tend to self-enhance more than Easterners 
C)  Easterners and Westerners both tend to self-enhance in unique ways 
D)  Easterners and Westerners both tend to self-enhance about equally and do so in similar ways 
A)  Easterners tend to self-enhance more than Westerners 
B)  Westerners tend to self-enhance more than Easterners 
C)  Easterners and Westerners both tend to self-enhance in unique ways 
D)  Easterners and Westerners both tend to self-enhance about equally and do so in similar ways

Question 8

Making downward comparisons has been shown to:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase self-esteem 
B)  decrease self-esteem 
C)  have little effect on self-esteem 
D)  have a negative effect on the people to whom one is being compared 
A)  increase self-esteem 
B)  decrease self-esteem 
C)  have little effect on self-esteem 
D)  have a negative effect on the people to whom one is being compared

Question 9

In 1890, William James argued that "by age 30, the character [personality] has set like plaster and will never soften again." Has psychological research supported his assertion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, but his conclusion applies only to Western cultures. 
B)  Generally yes, but he underestimated the age at which change is reduced. 
C)  No; recent evidence indicates that dramatic changes occur at all ages. 
D)  No, because it all depends upon whether the individual stays in the same environment. 
A)  Yes, but his conclusion applies only to Western cultures. 
B)  Generally yes, but he underestimated the age at which change is reduced. 
C)  No; recent evidence indicates that dramatic changes occur at all ages. 
D)  No, because it all depends upon whether the individual stays in the same environment.

Question 10

Shyness as a personality disposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  present in a variety of species 
B)  associated with an underactive amygdala 
C)  remarkably stable across the lifespan 
D)  not affected by culture 
A)  present in a variety of species 
B)  associated with an underactive amygdala 
C)  remarkably stable across the lifespan 
D)  not affected by culture

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a specific view taken by humanistic psychologists like Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who express their unconscious urges have healthier personalities. 
B)  Parental love and acceptance are related to healthy personality. 
C)  Personal growth depends on the freedom to express one's values and beliefs. 
D)  Using a phenomenological approach is a good way to understand others. 
A)  People who express their unconscious urges have healthier personalities. 
B)  Parental love and acceptance are related to healthy personality. 
C)  Personal growth depends on the freedom to express one's values and beliefs. 
D)  Using a phenomenological approach is a good way to understand others.

Question 12

Tory was asked, "Do you consider yourself to be a smart person?" Tory immediately answered, "I think I am just as smart as anyone else." Tory's ability to answer effortlessly and automatically, without having to think much about the question, shows that:

Accepted Answer

A)  she has low self-esteem and is providing a reactive answer 
B)  she is unconsciously differentiating between the "I" and the "me" in her answer 
C)  her self-schema contains information about her level of intelligence 
D)  she probably does not value intelligence 
A)  she has low self-esteem and is providing a reactive answer 
B)  she is unconsciously differentiating between the "I" and the "me" in her answer 
C)  her self-schema contains information about her level of intelligence 
D)  she probably does not value intelligence

Question 13

One of the earliest pieces of evidence that personality has a genetic component is shown in the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A)  adopted children in the same family are not very similar in personality 
B)  identical twins are more similar in personality than fraternal twins 
C)  people in the same culture, who apparently share similar genes, are similar in personality 
D)  men are more similar to men in personality, and women are more similar to women 
A)  adopted children in the same family are not very similar in personality 
B)  identical twins are more similar in personality than fraternal twins 
C)  people in the same culture, who apparently share similar genes, are similar in personality 
D)  men are more similar to men in personality, and women are more similar to women

Question 14

Janeesa is 7 years old, Tyree is 15 years old, Evelyn is 30 years old, and LaShonda is 50 years old. Which person will tend to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Accepted Answer

A)  Janeesa 
B)  Tyree 
C)  Evelyn 
D)  LaShonda 
A)  Janeesa 
B)  Tyree 
C)  Evelyn 
D)  LaShonda

Question 15

Bruno is shy in most situations, would prefer to read than go to a party, likes working with computers, and spends minimal time worrying about the future. Bruno's many unique characteristics are referred to as his:

Accepted Answer

A)  dispositional array 
B)  personality 
C)  ego 
D)  practical self 
A)  dispositional array 
B)  personality 
C)  ego 
D)  practical self

Question 16

Over time, how do the personalities of identical twins change?

Accepted Answer

A)  The similarity between the twins remains constant. 
B)  They become more different from one another as they experience different environments. 
C)  They become more similar to one another. 
D)  They become less similar once they escape the direct influence of their parents. 
A)  The similarity between the twins remains constant. 
B)  They become more different from one another as they experience different environments. 
C)  They become more similar to one another. 
D)  They become less similar once they escape the direct influence of their parents.

Question 17

Psychologists use the term personality primarily to refer to characteristics and behaviours that:

Accepted Answer

A)  are relatively stable over time and circumstances 
B)  show little variability across persons 
C)  naïve observers attribute to others 
D)  stem from conscious intentions 
A)  are relatively stable over time and circumstances 
B)  show little variability across persons 
C)  naïve observers attribute to others 
D)  stem from conscious intentions

Question 18

In Freud's view, children can become fixated or stuck at a particular level of development and develop personality problems as a result. What evidence did he use to support his view?

Accepted Answer

A)  He found that some children he interviewed lacked high self-esteem. 
B)  He found in his research studies that some people scored high on measures of mental illness. 
C)  He found that some of his clients were obsessed with obtaining pleasure through various bodily functions. 
D)  He found that many of his clients used drugs or alcohol to numb the pain of childhood. 
A)  He found that some children he interviewed lacked high self-esteem. 
B)  He found in his research studies that some people scored high on measures of mental illness. 
C)  He found that some of his clients were obsessed with obtaining pleasure through various bodily functions. 
D)  He found that many of his clients used drugs or alcohol to numb the pain of childhood.

Question 19

Which of the following is an accurate list of typical "male" personality characteristics found in research?

Accepted Answer

A)  attentive, controlled, assertive 
B)  assertive, active, thrill-seeking 
C)  thrill-seeking, agreeable, attentive 
D)  neurotic, agreeable, open to experience 
A)  attentive, controlled, assertive 
B)  assertive, active, thrill-seeking 
C)  thrill-seeking, agreeable, attentive 
D)  neurotic, agreeable, open to experience

Question 20

Gordon Allport's conception of personality:

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasized that it is largely a collection of socially created traits 
B)  stressed that it was a dynamic system arising from biological processes 
C)  considers it largely a social construction 
D)  is the outcome of how people think and behave rather than the cause of thinking and behaving 
A)  emphasized that it is largely a collection of socially created traits 
B)  stressed that it was a dynamic system arising from biological processes 
C)  considers it largely a social construction 
D)  is the outcome of how people think and behave rather than the cause of thinking and behaving

Aliens land on Earth and wonder what kinds of organisms live here. They study human and nonhuman animal "personality." What do they conclude?

Which of the following did Gordon Allport NOT emphasize in his definition of personality?

If, by a strange accident of fate, people born in the next 10 years did not have full use of their frontal lobes, what kind of personality trait would become increasingly common?

Researchers have found that the trait of conscientiousness predicts and openness to experience predicts.

Jered was adopted as an infant in 1973. Jered has an identical twin who was also adopted in 1973 by a different family. As an adult, Jered's personality should most resemble that of:

One current view on self-enhancement suggests that:

Making downward comparisons has been shown to:

In 1890, William James argued that "by age 30, the character [personality] has set like plaster and will never soften again." Has psychological research supported his assertion?

Shyness as a personality disposition is:

Which of the following is NOT a specific view taken by humanistic psychologists like Carl Rogers?

Tory was asked, "Do you consider yourself to be a smart person?" Tory immediately answered, "I think I am just as smart as anyone else." Tory's ability to answer effortlessly and automatically, without having to think much about the question, shows that:

One of the earliest pieces of evidence that personality has a genetic component is shown in the fact that:

Janeesa is 7 years old, Tyree is 15 years old, Evelyn is 30 years old, and LaShonda is 50 years old. Which person will tend to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Bruno is shy in most situations, would prefer to read than go to a party, likes working with computers, and spends minimal time worrying about the future. Bruno's many unique characteristics are referred to as his:

Over time, how do the personalities of identical twins change?

Psychologists use the term personality primarily to refer to characteristics and behaviours that:

In Freud's view, children can become fixated or stuck at a particular level of development and develop personality problems as a result. What evidence did he use to support his view?

Which of the following is an accurate list of typical "male" personality characteristics found in research?

Gordon Allport's conception of personality:

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

Aliens land on Earth and wonder what kinds of organisms live here. They study human and nonhuman animal "personality." What do they conclude?

Which of the following did Gordon Allport NOT emphasize in his definition of personality?

If, by a strange accident of fate, people born in the next 10 years did not have full use of their frontal lobes, what kind of personality trait would become increasingly common?

Researchers have found that the trait of conscientiousness predicts____________ and openness to experience predicts____________.

Jered was adopted as an infant in 1973. Jered has an identical twin who was also adopted in 1973 by a different family. As an adult, Jered's personality should most resemble that of:

One current view on self-enhancement suggests that:

Making downward comparisons has been shown to:

In 1890, William James argued that "by age 30, the character [personality] has set like plaster and will never soften again." Has psychological research supported his assertion?

Shyness as a personality disposition is:

Which of the following is NOT a specific view taken by humanistic psychologists like Carl Rogers?

Tory was asked, "Do you consider yourself to be a smart person?" Tory immediately answered, "I think I am just as smart as anyone else." Tory's ability to answer effortlessly and automatically, without having to think much about the question, shows that:

One of the earliest pieces of evidence that personality has a genetic component is shown in the fact that:

Janeesa is 7 years old, Tyree is 15 years old, Evelyn is 30 years old, and LaShonda is 50 years old. Which person will tend to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Bruno is shy in most situations, would prefer to read than go to a party, likes working with computers, and spends minimal time worrying about the future. Bruno's many unique characteristics are referred to as his:

Over time, how do the personalities of identical twins change?

Psychologists use the term personality primarily to refer to characteristics and behaviours that:

In Freud's view, children can become fixated or stuck at a particular level of development and develop personality problems as a result. What evidence did he use to support his view?

Which of the following is an accurate list of typical "male" personality characteristics found in research?

Gordon Allport's conception of personality:

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Researchers have found that the trait of conscientiousness predicts and openness to experience predicts.