Exam 13: Personality

Positive psychology refers to the scientific study of human strengths such as creativity, optimism, courage, and well-being. Positive psychology is most closely linked to which of the following approaches:

Miko is from Japan and is doing an exercise in a self-help book. One activity asks her to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of. Miko is likely to list ____________ things she is proud of compared to most Americans and ____________ things she is ashamed of compared to most Americans.

When individuals from a number of different cultures were assessed on the trait of conscientiousness, it was found that:

Imagine that your university has a number of campus dogs that roam freely. You decide to test whether students have similar views of the "personalities" of these animals. Research suggests that:

Jaleesa's mom was the kind of person who often said, "Do what you want, Jaleesa; I don't care." Jaleesa felt like she lacked direction and never had any clear rules. Thus, Jaleesa's mom had very little impact on the development of Jaleesa's:

In studies of cultural differences in personality, a good summary is that:

Maria Isabel always believed she was a kind and good-hearted person. Others, however, perceived her as somewhat cold and aloof. Who would give the most accurate description of Maria Isabel's personality in a given situation?

Using standardized questionnaires which provide reliable assessment of broad personality traits is essential for:

Jason is involved in a personality research study and he is asked to sort cards labelled with personality characteristics into different piles. The piles represent which characteristics describe Jason very well, somewhat well, and not at all well. The assessment given to Jason is very similar to the:

Which of the following statements is NOT a view that evolutionary psychologists would hold about human personality?

JoAnn describes herself as a modest and rational person. She doesn't usually spend time daydreaming or seeking out new experiences. Instead she enjoys completing familiar tasks and having a structured daily routine. If JoAnn is measured on the five factors of the five-factor theory, she will probably score very low in:

According to sociometer theory, self-esteem is important because:

Jonah used to be an awkward child and didn't have many friends. Consequently, he experienced low self-esteem. Now that he is older, he has developed many solid friendships and feels comfortable around and valued by others. As an adult, his self-esteem has improved dramatically. Which theory would predict this change in self-esteem?

If the planet was attacked by a strange virus which caused people to lose the use of their frontal lobes, people would:

Across cultures, people become ____________ neurotic, ____________ extroverted, and ____________ conscientious as they age.

What distinguishes the degree of similarity in identical twins versus dizygotic twins over time?

If working through unconscious conflicts is central to healthy personality in Freud's theory, then ____________ is central to healthy personality in Roger's person-centred theory.

The psychodynamic theorists who came after Freud and are referred to as the neo-Freudians modified his theory in a number of ways. Adler and Horney, for example, criticized Freud for:

While recent research provides support for the existence of what Freud called defense mechanisms, these mechanisms are now viewed as:

Who is more likely to possess a self-construal based on social norms and relationships-Chihiro from Japan or Lucy from the United States-and why?