Question 1

In terms of arousabililty, ____________ are more arousable and have a more active ____________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  extroverts; behavioural inhibition 
B)  extroverts; behavioural approach 
C)  introverts; behavioural inhibition 
D)  introverts; behavioural approach 
A)  extroverts; behavioural inhibition 
B)  extroverts; behavioural approach 
C)  introverts; behavioural inhibition 
D)  introverts; behavioural approach

Question 2

The BAS ____________ behaviour, while the BIS ____________ behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  activates; inhibits 
B)  suppresses; facilitates 
C)  controls; modulates the intensity of 
D)  selects the appropriate; activates the selected 
A)  activates; inhibits 
B)  suppresses; facilitates 
C)  controls; modulates the intensity of 
D)  selects the appropriate; activates the selected

Question 3

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control, by which he means:

Accepted Answer

A)  the degree to which they understand their circumstances 
B)  their preference for reinforcement techniques 
C)  the extent to which they believe their efforts will lead to good outcomes 
D)  the extent to which they devalue their personal expectancies 
A)  the degree to which they understand their circumstances 
B)  their preference for reinforcement techniques 
C)  the extent to which they believe their efforts will lead to good outcomes 
D)  the extent to which they devalue their personal expectancies

Question 4

Kyoung and Sohee, identical twins from Korea, were adopted when they were infants by two different families. Kyoung and Sohee grew up in different cities, went to different schools, and had sets of parents with quite different personalities. Which of the following people will be most similar to Kyoung in personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  her adoptive mom 
B)  a female sibling in her adoptive family 
C)  her biological mom 
D)  Sohee 
A)  her adoptive mom 
B)  a female sibling in her adoptive family 
C)  her biological mom 
D)  Sohee

Question 5

In Gray's model, the BAS responds to ____________ while the BIS responds to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic factors; environmental factors 
B)  rewards; punishments 
C)  pain; pleasure 
D)  social rejection; social approval 
A)  genetic factors; environmental factors 
B)  rewards; punishments 
C)  pain; pleasure 
D)  social rejection; social approval

Question 6

Kara is a 2-year-old participant in a research study on infant temperament. Which of the following characteristics will likely NOT be assessed in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kara's activity level 
B)  Kara's emotional reactions 
C)  Kara's social behaviours 
D)  Kara's alertness on mental tasks 
A)  Kara's activity level 
B)  Kara's emotional reactions 
C)  Kara's social behaviours 
D)  Kara's alertness on mental tasks

Question 7

Freud thought mental illness was a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict between internal mental forces and structures 
B)  parents' lack of unconditional positive regard for their children 
C)  the inability to bring preconscious wishes into consciousness 
D)  the development of sexual instincts 
A)  conflict between internal mental forces and structures 
B)  parents' lack of unconditional positive regard for their children 
C)  the inability to bring preconscious wishes into consciousness 
D)  the development of sexual instincts

Question 8

In extroverts the ____________ is more active while in introverts the ____________ is more active.

Accepted Answer

A)  BIS; BAS 
B)  BAS; BIS 
C)  prefrontal cortex; amygdala 
D)  amygdala; prefrontal cortex 
A)  BIS; BAS 
B)  BAS; BIS 
C)  prefrontal cortex; amygdala 
D)  amygdala; prefrontal cortex

Question 9

Frank feels that he is more valuable and more special than people around him. He is also more focused on his own needs than on the needs of anyone else, and feels angry when someone asks him for help. Frank:

Accepted Answer

A)  has no self-esteem 
B)  has low self-esteem, which he is trying to protect by pretending to be special 
C)  has a narcissistic personality 
D)  has multiple-personality disorder 
A)  has no self-esteem 
B)  has low self-esteem, which he is trying to protect by pretending to be special 
C)  has a narcissistic personality 
D)  has multiple-personality disorder

Question 10

An implicit personality theory is:

Accepted Answer

A)  useful in very limited situations 
B)  difficult to describe and difficult to research 
C)  equivalent to the concept of "self-construal" 
D)  not always based on accurate observations and may be influenced by stereotypes 
A)  useful in very limited situations 
B)  difficult to describe and difficult to research 
C)  equivalent to the concept of "self-construal" 
D)  not always based on accurate observations and may be influenced by stereotypes

Question 11

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her. They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them. Shariah used to have high self-esteem but now she is experiencing low self-esteem. What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  social conformity theory 
B)  self/other comparison theory 
C)  sociometer theory 
D)  self-appraisal theory 
A)  social conformity theory 
B)  self/other comparison theory 
C)  sociometer theory 
D)  self-appraisal theory

Question 12

Janelle found that when asked to describe her friends' personalities, she was good at it. When asked to describe her own personality, it took her a while to organize her thoughts and respond. Her difficulty in responding to questions about her own personality provides evidence for which research finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  People tend to lie about their character in order to fit others' preconceptions. 
B)  People have limited knowledge of their own behaviours because they often pay attention to others' behaviour. 
C)  People like to appear thoughtful when asked questions about themselves directly. 
D)  People try to mask their excessive self-interest by appearing disinterested in their own behaviour. 
A)  People tend to lie about their character in order to fit others' preconceptions. 
B)  People have limited knowledge of their own behaviours because they often pay attention to others' behaviour. 
C)  People like to appear thoughtful when asked questions about themselves directly. 
D)  People try to mask their excessive self-interest by appearing disinterested in their own behaviour.

Question 13

Idiographic approaches to the assessment of personality focus on:

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals 
B)  comparisons across people 
C)  ratings made by parents, peers, or others rather than self-reports 
D)  unique personal qualities rather than cross-person similarities 
A)  individuals 
B)  comparisons across people 
C)  ratings made by parents, peers, or others rather than self-reports 
D)  unique personal qualities rather than cross-person similarities

Question 14

An important criticism of the Rorschach ink blot test is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it identifies too many normal people as psychologically disturbed 
B)  it works well for women but not for men 
C)  children cannot be tested with it 
D)  it reveals unconscious but not conscious motives and conflicts 
A)  it identifies too many normal people as psychologically disturbed 
B)  it works well for women but not for men 
C)  children cannot be tested with it 
D)  it reveals unconscious but not conscious motives and conflicts

Question 15

In terms of animal personality, conscientiousness:

Accepted Answer

A)  has been observed only in humans 
B)  has been observed only in humans and chimpanzees 
C)  has been observed in humans and many other land-dwelling animals 
D)  has been observed in almost all species studied, including aquatic animals 
A)  has been observed only in humans 
B)  has been observed only in humans and chimpanzees 
C)  has been observed in humans and many other land-dwelling animals 
D)  has been observed in almost all species studied, including aquatic animals

Question 16

Whereas ____________ psychologists are interested in how situations influence individual behaviour, Sigmund Freud would have been more interested in ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive-social; self-actualization 
B)  personality; conflicting aspects of personality 
C)  personality; self-actualization 
D)  cognitive-social; conflicting aspects of personality 
A)  cognitive-social; self-actualization 
B)  personality; conflicting aspects of personality 
C)  personality; self-actualization 
D)  cognitive-social; conflicting aspects of personality

Question 17

If a trait is a single concept, then personality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a collection of concepts 
B)  an element of a general concept 
C)  the opposite of a concept 
D)  something entirely different from the concept 
A)  a collection of concepts 
B)  an element of a general concept 
C)  the opposite of a concept 
D)  something entirely different from the concept

Question 18

How is brain functioning related to remembering information about the self?

Accepted Answer

A)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the amygdala is less active. 
B)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the parietal lobe is more active. 
C)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the frontal lobes are more active. 
D)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the hypothalamus is more active. 
A)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the amygdala is less active. 
B)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the parietal lobe is more active. 
C)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the frontal lobes are more active. 
D)  When self-relevant information is retrieved, the hypothalamus is more active.

Question 19

Some evolutionary psychologists, like David Buss, believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the five-factor theory is inadequate to account for normal personality variation 
B)  Eysenck's personality model best describes the characteristics needed for human survival 
C)  the five-factor theory describes the personality characteristics that are important in mate selection 
D)  most personality theories cannot describe personality in a way that fits well with evolutionary theory 
A)  the five-factor theory is inadequate to account for normal personality variation 
B)  Eysenck's personality model best describes the characteristics needed for human survival 
C)  the five-factor theory describes the personality characteristics that are important in mate selection 
D)  most personality theories cannot describe personality in a way that fits well with evolutionary theory

Question 20

In terms of gender differences in personality:

Accepted Answer

A)  women and men are most similar in personality in industrialized countries like Canada 
B)  women generally tend to be more agreeable and more neurotic 
C)  women generally tend to be more extroverted and more open to experience 
D)  more data has been collected on men so it is difficult to compare personalities across genders 
A)  women and men are most similar in personality in industrialized countries like Canada 
B)  women generally tend to be more agreeable and more neurotic 
C)  women generally tend to be more extroverted and more open to experience 
D)  more data has been collected on men so it is difficult to compare personalities across genders

In terms of arousabililty, are more arousable and have a more active system.

The BAS behaviour, while the BIS behaviour.

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control, by which he means:

In Gray's model, the BAS responds to while the BIS responds to .

Kara is a 2-year-old participant in a research study on infant temperament. Which of the following characteristics will likely NOT be assessed in this study?

Freud thought mental illness was a result of:

In extroverts the is more active while in introverts the is more active.

Frank feels that he is more valuable and more special than people around him. He is also more focused on his own needs than on the needs of anyone else, and feels angry when someone asks him for help. Frank:

An implicit personality theory is:

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her. They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them. Shariah used to have high self-esteem but now she is experiencing low self-esteem. What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Idiographic approaches to the assessment of personality focus on:

An important criticism of the Rorschach ink blot test is that:

In terms of animal personality, conscientiousness:

Whereas psychologists are interested in how situations influence individual behaviour, Sigmund Freud would have been more interested in .

If a trait is a single concept, then personality is:

How is brain functioning related to remembering information about the self?

Some evolutionary psychologists, like David Buss, believe that:

In terms of gender differences in personality:

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

In terms of arousabililty, ____________ are more arousable and have a more active ____________ system.

The BAS ____________ behaviour, while the BIS ____________ behaviour.

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control, by which he means:

In Gray's model, the BAS responds to ____________ while the BIS responds to ____________.

Kara is a 2-year-old participant in a research study on infant temperament. Which of the following characteristics will likely NOT be assessed in this study?

Freud thought mental illness was a result of:

In extroverts the ____________ is more active while in introverts the ____________ is more active.

Frank feels that he is more valuable and more special than people around him. He is also more focused on his own needs than on the needs of anyone else, and feels angry when someone asks him for help. Frank:

An implicit personality theory is:

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her. They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them. Shariah used to have high self-esteem but now she is experiencing low self-esteem. What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Idiographic approaches to the assessment of personality focus on:

An important criticism of the Rorschach ink blot test is that:

In terms of animal personality, conscientiousness:

Whereas ____________ psychologists are interested in how situations influence individual behaviour, Sigmund Freud would have been more interested in ____________.

If a trait is a single concept, then personality is:

How is brain functioning related to remembering information about the self?

Some evolutionary psychologists, like David Buss, believe that:

In terms of gender differences in personality:

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

In terms of arousabililty, are more arousable and have a more active system.

The BAS behaviour, while the BIS behaviour.

In Gray's model, the BAS responds to while the BIS responds to .

In extroverts the is more active while in introverts the is more active.

Whereas psychologists are interested in how situations influence individual behaviour, Sigmund Freud would have been more interested in .