Exam 9: Motivation and Emotion

Kitchi and Cosette decide to go have lunch on Sunday afternoon while they are studying in the library. They find that their dorm cafeteria, the university café, and the campus convenience store are all closed. Kitchi decides that he is hungry enough to walk a kilometre to eat off campus. Cosette decides that she is not that hungry. Kitchi and Cosette differ in the ____________ of their motivation to have lunch.

Five-year-old Sharaz is at the park with her father. The ice cream truck is parked at the corner. Her father has told Sharaz that she can have ice cream when they leave the park if she does not ask for it until then. To keep herself from asking for the ice cream Sharaz imagines that the truck has gotten hot and all of the ice cream has melted. Sharaz is delaying gratification by:

Roland would often finish a long soccer practice telling himself that he must love soccer because he works so hard at it. His high school soccer coach tells Roland that he is good enough to earn a full soccer scholarship to university. Now Roland leaves long practices telling himself that he is working this hard to get a scholarship. He finds that he now enjoys soccer less. Bem's self-perception theory would explain Roland's behaviour by saying that:

People tend to eat much more from a buffet than they will eat if they order a meal. Given what you know about eating behaviour, how might you explain this result?

Emotions are a primary source of motivation because:

A major criticism of the James-Lange theory is that:

From an evolutionary perspective, pleasure ____________ survival and reproduction, by ____________.

Research on the role of hormones in the development of homosexuality has found that:

Reshawnda and Marilyn are taking a walk across campus. It is a beautiful sunny day and Reshawnda is smiling. Marilyn interprets Reshawnda's smile as meaning that she is enjoying Marilyn's company. Reshawnda's experience is explained by which theory of emotion?

Evolutionary forces have led us to seek out rewarding stimuli. This is a dilemma in modern society because:

Which of the following will NOT increase the likelihood of a young child learning to like an unfamiliar food?

Delroy was on a plane that flew through a hurricane. There was tremendous turbulence and he was absolutely terrified. Even though he tries not to think about it, Delroy can't forget that plane trip. Delroy's persistent memory results from the effect of the ____________ on how the ____________ consolidates memory.

Qiaohui never needed to study in high school. When she gets to university she finds that she does need to study. She decides that she will go to the library and study for six hours every night after dinner. After two days, her plan falls apart and she goes back to not studying much. Qiaohui might have been more successful had she _____, because _____ help people reach goals.

Gemma has just started taking birth control pills. Though she does not realize it, the pills can cause depression as a side effect. When she starts to feel bad, Gemma decides that she must no longer be happy with her boyfriend. She talks to her best friend, who tells her about the side effects of the pill. After that, Gemma realizes that she still loves her boyfriend. Gemma's changing feelings about her boyfriend reflect:

Marte has just lost 15 pounds. Even though she has developed better eating habits and is thrilled by her new weight, she finds that she has a stronger urge to eat and a desire to eat more frequently than she did even before she lost the weight. The most likely reason for Marte's problem is:

Bethany's boyfriend has just broken up with her. At first she is heartbroken, thinking that she has lost the perfect man. As the weeks go by, she realizes that there were negative things about the relationship that she had not acknowledged. Eventually she comes to see the breakup as an opportunity rather than a disaster. Bethany is engaging in ____________, which research suggests will ____________.

Magdala blushes very easily; any time she makes even a slight social error, she turns bright red. Magdala regards this as a real social failing and would give a great deal to stop blushing. You might make Magdala reconsider the value of her blushing by telling her that people who blush:

Maeve skipped breakfast and her stomach is growling. When she starts to eat, you would predict that her stomach contractions will ____________ and she will ____________.

Thinking about how good a piece of chocolate cake would taste is a ____________ cognition; working through how the recipe could be improved to make an even better cake is a ____________ cognition.

Biological drive theories of motivation have trouble explaining why people engage in behaviours that: