Exam 9: Motivation and Emotion

Esmeralda is very anxious about taking her final exam in organic chemistry. Instead of doing last minute studying in her dorm, Esmeralda goes over to the exam room. Several students are already in the room, all talking about how nervous they are about the final. Social comparison theory would predict that Esmeralda will ____________ in the presence of other anxious people.

Yelizaveta is very unhappy with her exam grade, which is lower than her last exam grade. She resolves to study differently for the next exam. Yelizaveta's resolution is primarily motivated by ____________ her exam grade.

Halvor is lonely in university and wants to make more friends. He examines his own behaviour and realizes that to make friends he will need to go out more and deliberately try to talk with people. Making friends is a(n) ____________; going out and talking to people is ____________.

Jason is fascinated by his physics course; he gets excited every time he walks into class. However, Jason has always considered himself to be someone who does not like science, so he does not recognize that his excitement is due to the class. Instead, he decides that he must be attracted to his lab partner. Jason's misattribution of his arousal is compatible with which theory of emotion?

When a dog really needs to go out, he will start to whine, bark, paw the door, walk in circles, or show other forms of agitation. These behaviours are almost certainly the result of:

Danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned. Later, Danny's reaction to fire is that he:

Extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centres; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly. The probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the ____________; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the ____________.

A group of rats has had an area of their brains damaged, resulting in a disruption of sexual behaviour. The area that was damaged was most likely the:

Cross-culturally, comparisons of sexual motivation in men and women have found that:

Gavan had a wonderful dinner last night. He is so full in the morning that he can't imagine eating. When he gets to his early morning meeting he finds that pastries are available. Though everyone else is eating and the pastries look and smell delicious, Gavan is too full to try one. Yet a few minutes later he finds that he is quite hungry. The best explanation for Gavan's hunger would come from:

Motivation ____________, while emotion ____________.

Shana wants to establish an exercise routine. Since she really does not like to exercise, she decides to reward herself. If she goes to the gym every day for two weeks, she will buy herself a new pair of shoes. Shana's behaviour is being motivated by a(n):

Makena and her husband have always had a good sexual relationship. However, after she started taking antidepressants, Makena started losing interest in sex. The most likely reason is:

Toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic. Today, however, his candidate for city councillor has won the election and he is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant. Toby's usual sadness and pessimism is a(n) ____________; his current optimism and exuberance is a(n) ____________.

A major aspect of depression is persistently negative cognitive attributions about the self, life, and the future. Depression would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of:

On the basis of recent research, the phrase "misery loves company" would be more accurate if it said:

Gervasio sustained damage to his prefrontal cortex in a car crash, which left him with severe alexithymia. As a result, Gervasio:

Dashawna has decided that she wants a new image. She goes to a new store and shops for the perfect outfit. Dashawna's decision to get a new image shows the ____________ quality of motivation. Her trip to the store shows the ____________ quality of motivation.

Mohini and her boyfriend are arguing a lot. She finds that when she becomes angry at him, it helps to relieve her anger if she goes out running. According to Hull, Mohini's increased likelihood of running when she is angry will be due to a(n):

Margarita is a brilliant student. The men that she has dated have had trouble dealing with her academic success. Margarita just won a full scholarship for her last two years of university. She is going to tell her boyfriend at dinner, and she feels nauseous every time she thinks about it. Margarita's reaction can easily be explained by: