Exam 9: Motivation and Emotion

Mingzhu forgot to take water with her on her hike. She was determined to hike all around the lake because she wanted to photograph it from a variety of angles. But halfway around she is so thirsty that she can't concentrate on taking pictures. All she can think about is getting some water. Mingzhu's thirst is a ____________, which produces ____________, causing her to leave the trail and go find water.

The finding that men would like to have more sexual partners than would women makes sense from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. This is because:

Jermaine told his girlfriend that he was going to the library when he was actually staying home to watch the game. She begins to get angry when she stops by his room and finds him watching TV. However, when he starts to blush and look embarrassed she readily forgives him. Her attitude changes because his embarrassment and blushing indicate that Jermaine:

Cesar has done so well in his economics class that he needs to earn only 43 of 100 points on the final exam to receive an A in the class. Cesar still studies a lot because he wants to get an A on the exam. Cesar's behaviour is being motivated by a(n):

Olivia has recently started taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin. You might expect that she will start to:

In the mythical country of Xacandra, people experience an emotion that they call blegthium. Though everyone agrees the people experience blegthium, it has proven very difficult to define or to associate with physiological correlates. Cross-cultural Xacandran psychologists have not been able to consistently find an emotion comparable to blegthium in other cultures. In terms of the circumplex model of emotions, blegthium is a ____________ emotion.

Antheia is a real risk taker who is always pushing the envelope. She loves to skydive and party all night. Fabio enjoys some risky activities, like mountain biking, but prefers more moderation in most things. Benita dislikes risk taking and prefers quieter activities, such as reading and yoga. Antheia, Fabio, and Benita differ in their:

Some people are generally happy and optimistic; other people are generally sad and pessimistic. One possible explanation for these general dispositions on life might be that optimistic people ____________ and pessimistic people ____________.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by attempts to avoid thinking about a seriously traumatic event, accompanied by flashbacks to and nightmares about that event. PTSD would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of:

The strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve ____________ and the weakest seems to involve ____________.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people with a high need for achievement?

Short-term eating control primarily involves ____________; long-term regulation of body fat primarily involves ____________.

Motivational states are directive, which means they:

The purpose of homeostatic behaviours is to:

Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They both attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect of the roller coaster is the ____________ component of emotion; thinking that the arousal is usually due to romantic feelings is the ____________ component of emotion; feeling they are falling in love reflects the ____________ component of emotion.

Students in a psychology experiment are shown photographs that elicit three kinds of emotional reactions: happiness, fear, or sadness. A week later, they are shown a series of photographs and asked to identify which ones they had seen before. You could predict that the best memory would be for the:

Men and women have a(n) ____________ number of sex hormones, but ____________ amounts of each hormone.

During recess, children are trying to get the two ends of a seesaw perfectly balanced. If one side is too low, a heavier child will get off and be replaced by a lighter child; if one side is too high, a lighter child will be replaced by a heavier one. By analogy to a biological state, the children are trying to create ____________, by mimicking a process of ____________.

Research has shown that being socially isolated increases the risk of illness by the same amount as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. This supports the idea that the need for ____________ is a fundamental adaptive motive.

The Cannon-Bard theory argues that physiological responses and emotional experiences occur: