Exam 22: The Respiratory System

Distinguish among anemic,ischemic (stagnant),histotoxic,and hypoxemic hypoxia.

In chronic bronchitis,mucus production is decreased and this leads to the inflammation and fibrosis of the mucosal lining of the bronchial tree.

Match the following: -TV + IRV + ERV + RV.

Figure 22.1 Using Figure 22.1, match the following: -Carina of trachea.

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic.

After a long scuba diving session on a Caribbean reef,Carl boards a plane to Dallas.He begins to feel pain in his elbow on the flight back to Dallas.What is happening to him?

Briefly differentiate between atmospheric pressure,intrapulmonary pressure,and intrapleural pressure.Which of these is always negative in a healthy individual during normal breathing? What happens if intrapleural pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure?

Which center is located in the pons?

How will the lungs compensate for an acute rise in the partial pressure of CO₂ in arterial blood?

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)is a condition peculiar to premature babies.In IRDS insufficient surfactant is produced.What does this cause and how is it treated?

The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air.

The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________.

The alveolar ventilation rate is the best index of effective ventilation.

Which of the following is NOT a stimulus for breathing?

Which of the following anchor(s)the vocal folds?

The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall.

The largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream in the form of carbonic anhydrase.

Atelectasis (lung collapse)renders the lung useless for ventilation.

Increased temperature results in decreased O₂ unloading from hemoglobin.