Question 1

The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The inflation (Hering-Breuer)reflex is a potentially dangerous response that may cause overinflation of the lung.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of gas flowing in and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the difference in pressure or pressure gradient between the external atmosphere and the alveoli. 
B)  Resistance equals pressure gradient over gas flow. 
C)  Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance. 
D)  Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance. 
A)  The amount of gas flowing in and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the difference in pressure or pressure gradient between the external atmosphere and the alveoli. 
B)  Resistance equals pressure gradient over gas flow. 
C)  Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance. 
D)  Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance.

Question 5

Match the following:
-TV + IRV.

Accepted Answer

A) Inspiratory capacity 
B) Total lung capacity 
C) Vital capacity 
D) Functional residual capacity 
A) Inspiratory capacity 
B) Total lung capacity 
C) Vital capacity 
D) Functional residual capacity

Question 6

During normal quiet breathing,approximately 750 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

While dining out in a restaurant a man suddenly chokes on a piece of meat.The waitress is also a student nurse and comes to the man's aid.She asks him if he can talk.The man responds by shaking his head no and grabbing at his neck.What is the significance of the man's inability to talk?

Accepted Answer

Speech involves the intermittent release

Question 8

As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood,it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the Haldane effect),which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ions to be generated (the Bohr effect).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
-Pharynx.

Accepted Answer

A) E 
B) A 
C) C 
D) B 
E) D 
A) E 
B) A 
C) C 
D) B 
E) D

Question 10

Which of the following is correct regarding acclimatization?

Accepted Answer

A)  At high altitudes, hemoglobin's affinity for O2 is increased because BPG concentrations increase. 
B)  High-altitude conditions always result in lower-than-normal hemoglobin saturation levels because less O2 is available to be loaded. 
C)  Decreases in arterial PO2 cause the peripheral chemoreceptors to become less responsive to increases in PCO2. 
D)  When blood O2 levels decline, the kidneys produce more erythropoietin, which stimulates breakdown of red blood cells in the spleen. 
A)  At high altitudes, hemoglobin's affinity for O2 is increased because BPG concentrations increase. 
B)  High-altitude conditions always result in lower-than-normal hemoglobin saturation levels because less O2 is available to be loaded. 
C)  Decreases in arterial PO2 cause the peripheral chemoreceptors to become less responsive to increases in PCO2. 
D)  When blood O2 levels decline, the kidneys produce more erythropoietin, which stimulates breakdown of red blood cells in the spleen.

Question 11

Which of the following maintains the patency (openness)of the trachea?

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudostratified ciliated epithelium 
B)  C-shaped cartilage rings 
C)  surfactant production 
D)  surface tension of water 
A)  pseudostratified ciliated epithelium 
B)  C-shaped cartilage rings 
C)  surfactant production 
D)  surface tension of water

Question 12

In the plasma,the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood 
B)  not present except where it is combined with carrier molecules 
C)  about equal to the oxygen combined with hemoglobin 
D)  greater than the oxygen combined with hemoglobin 
A)  only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood 
B)  not present except where it is combined with carrier molecules 
C)  about equal to the oxygen combined with hemoglobin 
D)  greater than the oxygen combined with hemoglobin

Question 13

The average individual has 500 ml of residual volume in his lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is a conducting zone structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory bronchiole 
B)  terminal bronchiole 
C)  alveolar sac 
D)  alveolar duct 
A)  respiratory bronchiole 
B)  terminal bronchiole 
C)  alveolar sac 
D)  alveolar duct

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding normal quiet expiration of air?

Accepted Answer

A)  It depends on the complete lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall. 
B)  It is a passive process that depends on the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration. 
C)  It requires contraction of abdominal wall muscles. 
D)  It is driven by increased blood CO2 levels. 
A)  It depends on the complete lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall. 
B)  It is a passive process that depends on the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration. 
C)  It requires contraction of abdominal wall muscles. 
D)  It is driven by increased blood CO2 levels.

Question 16

The larynx contains ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral cartilage ridges called false vocal folds 
B)  the thyroid cartilage 
C)  an upper pair of avascular mucosal folds called true vocal folds 
D)  a cricoid cartilage also called the Adam's apple 
A)  lateral cartilage ridges called false vocal folds 
B)  the thyroid cartilage 
C)  an upper pair of avascular mucosal folds called true vocal folds 
D)  a cricoid cartilage also called the Adam's apple

Question 17

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells,type I and type II alveolar cells.The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  replace mucus in the alveoli 
B)  protect the lungs from bacterial invasion 
C)  trap dust and other debris 
D)  secrete surfactant 
A)  replace mucus in the alveoli 
B)  protect the lungs from bacterial invasion 
C)  trap dust and other debris 
D)  secrete surfactant

Question 18

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts 
B)  alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes 
C)  respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs 
D)  atria and alveolar sacs 
A)  respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts 
B)  alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes 
C)  respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs 
D)  atria and alveolar sacs

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT influence hemoglobin saturation?

Accepted Answer

A)  BPG 
B)  nitric oxide 
C)  temperature 
D)  partial pressure of carbon dioxide 
A)  BPG 
B)  nitric oxide 
C)  temperature 
D)  partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Question 20

Jane had been suffering through a severe cold and was complaining of a frontal headache and a dull,aching pain at the side of her face.What regions are likely to become sites of secondary infection following nasal infection?

Accepted Answer

Following nasal infe

Exam 22: The Respiratory System

The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell.

The inflation (Hering-Breuer)reflex is a potentially dangerous response that may cause overinflation of the lung.

Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal.

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Match the following: -TV + IRV.

During normal quiet breathing,approximately 750 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.

While dining out in a restaurant a man suddenly chokes on a piece of meat.The waitress is also a student nurse and comes to the man's aid.She asks him if he can talk.The man responds by shaking his head no and grabbing at his neck.What is the significance of the man's inability to talk?

As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood,it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the Haldane effect),which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ions to be generated (the Bohr effect).

Figure 22.1 Using Figure 22.1, match the following: -Pharynx.

Which of the following is correct regarding acclimatization?

Which of the following maintains the patency (openness)of the trachea?

In the plasma,the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________.

The average individual has 500 ml of residual volume in his lungs.

Which of the following is a conducting zone structure?

Which of the following is true regarding normal quiet expiration of air?

The larynx contains ________.

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells,type I and type II alveolar cells.The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________.

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.

Which of the following does NOT influence hemoglobin saturation?

Jane had been suffering through a severe cold and was complaining of a frontal headache and a dull,aching pain at the side of her face.What regions are likely to become sites of secondary infection following nasal infection?

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

Filters

As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood,it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the Haldane effect),which in turn allows more CO₂ to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ions to be generated (the Bohr effect).