Question 1

The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml,the amino acid will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  appear in the urine 
B)  be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells 
C)  be actively secreted into the filtrate 
D)  be completely reabsorbed by secondary active transport 
A)  appear in the urine 
B)  be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells 
C)  be actively secreted into the filtrate 
D)  be completely reabsorbed by secondary active transport A

Question 3

Figure 25.2
Using Figure 25.2, match the following:
-Filtrate at the site of these cells is about the same osmolarity as blood plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) E 
B) C 
C) D 
D) B 
E) A 
A) E 
B) C 
C) D 
D) B 
E) A A

Question 4

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron. 
B)  The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. 
C)  The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name. 
A)  Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron. 
B)  The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. 
C)  The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name.

Question 5

What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed. 
B)  Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules. 
C)  They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help activly excrete toxins. 
D)  They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption. 
A)  They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed. 
B)  Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules. 
C)  They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help activly excrete toxins. 
D)  They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption.

Question 6

Select the correct statement about urinary system development.

Accepted Answer

A)  The metanephric ducts will become the urethras. 
B)  The pronephros (first tubule system) develops during the tenth week of gestation. 
C)  The mesonephros will develop into the kidneys. 
D)  Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges. 
A)  The metanephric ducts will become the urethras. 
B)  The pronephros (first tubule system) develops during the tenth week of gestation. 
C)  The mesonephros will develop into the kidneys. 
D)  Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.

Question 7

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  when the pH of the urine decreases 
B)  when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10 
C)  when the peritubular capillaries are dilated 
D)  by a decrease in the blood pressure 
A)  when the pH of the urine decreases 
B)  when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10 
C)  when the peritubular capillaries are dilated 
D)  by a decrease in the blood pressure

Question 8

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the kidneys,the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier)and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger).This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  a fenestrated capillary 
B)  a podocyte 
C)  an efferent arteriole 
D)  a vasa recta 
A)  a fenestrated capillary 
B)  a podocyte 
C)  an efferent arteriole 
D)  a vasa recta

Question 12

Ellen,a 47-year-old woman who has suffered kidney disease for several years,has been diagnosed with proteinuria.Her legs and feet are so swollen that she has difficulty walking.Her hands and her left arm are also swollen.What is proteinuria,and could this condition be playing a role in her swollen limbs?

Accepted Answer

Proteinuria is a condition in which the

Question 13

Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
-Which label marks a structure at the medulla of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E 
A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E

Question 14

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A)  transitional 
B)  stratified squamous 
C)  pseudostratified columnar 
D)  simple squamous 
A)  transitional 
B)  stratified squamous 
C)  pseudostratified columnar 
D)  simple squamous

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic blood pressure while intrinsic control have a greater effect on GFR. 
B)  Extrinsic controls will reduce blood plasma volume while intrinsic controls will increase blood plasma volumes. 
C)  Intrinsic controls raise blood pressure while extrinsic controls lower blood pressure. 
D)  Extrinsic and intrinsic controls work in nearly opposite ways. 
A)  Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic blood pressure while intrinsic control have a greater effect on GFR. 
B)  Extrinsic controls will reduce blood plasma volume while intrinsic controls will increase blood plasma volumes. 
C)  Intrinsic controls raise blood pressure while extrinsic controls lower blood pressure. 
D)  Extrinsic and intrinsic controls work in nearly opposite ways.

Question 16

The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments 
B)  not limited by a transport maximum 
C)  in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  accomplished after the nephron loop is reached 
A)  hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments 
B)  not limited by a transport maximum 
C)  in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  accomplished after the nephron loop is reached

Question 18

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation)which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine output will decrease. 
B)  Net filtration pressure will decrease. 
C)  Systemic blood pressure will decrease. 
D)  Glomerular filtration rate will decrease. 
A)  Urine output will decrease. 
B)  Net filtration pressure will decrease. 
C)  Systemic blood pressure will decrease. 
D)  Glomerular filtration rate will decrease.

Question 20

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus increases (vasodilation)which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Net filtration pressure will increase. 
B)  Urine output will increase. 
C)  Systemic blood pressure will go up. 
D)  Glomerular filtration rate will increase. 
A)  Net filtration pressure will increase. 
B)  Urine output will increase. 
C)  Systemic blood pressure will go up. 
D)  Glomerular filtration rate will increase.

Exam 25: The Urinary System

The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml,the amino acid will ________.

Figure 25.2 Using Figure 25.2, match the following: -Filtrate at the site of these cells is about the same osmolarity as blood plasma.

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Select the correct statement about urinary system development.

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Figure 25.1 Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Which label marks a structure at the medulla of the kidney?

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the kidney?

The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation)which of the following is not likely to occur?

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus increases (vasodilation)which of the following is not likely to occur?

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

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