Question 1

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

Accepted Answer

A)  The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine. 
C)  The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only. 
D)  The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch. 
A)  The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine. 
C)  The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only. 
D)  The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch.

Question 2

An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank area,elevated temperature,and nausea.Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal obstructions and infections.Plain X-rays indicate a radiopaque (whitish)spot in the area of his right ureter.Diagnose his problem.Give suggested treatment and prognosis.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms indicate a kidney stone tha

Question 3

Match the following:
-Proximal convoluted tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. 
B) Site of filtrate formation. 
C) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs 
A) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. 
B) Site of filtrate formation. 
C) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs

Question 4

The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  helps to pack a greater number of nephron loops into a smaller space 
B)  aids in the passive excretion of nitrogenous waste 
C)  is easily broken and replaced often 
D)  aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule 
A)  helps to pack a greater number of nephron loops into a smaller space 
B)  aids in the passive excretion of nitrogenous waste 
C)  is easily broken and replaced often 
D)  aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule

Question 5

Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
-Structure most closely associated with granular cells.

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E 
A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E

Question 6

The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. 
B)  Only about 3% of older adults have any loss of kidney function. 
C)  Only obese and diabetic older adults have any kidney dysfunction. 
D)  Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age. 
A)  Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. 
B)  Only about 3% of older adults have any loss of kidney function. 
C)  Only obese and diabetic older adults have any kidney dysfunction. 
D)  Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age.

Question 8

If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg)renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells.Which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood plasma and extracellular fluids volume will increase 
B)  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease 
C)  Net filtration pressure (NFP) will decrease 
D)  Kidney perfusion will increase 
A)  Blood plasma and extracellular fluids volume will increase 
B)  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease 
C)  Net filtration pressure (NFP) will decrease 
D)  Kidney perfusion will increase

Question 9

Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
-Nephron loop.

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E 
A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E

Question 10

In the absence of hormones,the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
-Afferent arteriole.

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E 
A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

List three substances that are abnormal urinary constituents and provide the proper clinical term for such abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Abnormal urinary constituents include th

Question 13

The relatively long half-life of lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones)compared to water soluble hormones is due in part to the way that these hormones are passed into the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries.From the list below select the best explanation for why lipid soluble (steroid)hormones have a relatively long half-life.

Accepted Answer

A)  The large size of the steroid hormones prevents them from passing through the filtration membrane. 
B)  Steroid hormones are absorbed by target cells before they can reach the kidneys. 
C)  The relatively small size of steroid hormones allows them to easily pass back into the peritubular capillaries if released into the filtrate. 
D)  Steroid hormones travel in the plasma on large transport proteins that cannon pass through the filtration membrane. 
A)  The large size of the steroid hormones prevents them from passing through the filtration membrane. 
B)  Steroid hormones are absorbed by target cells before they can reach the kidneys. 
C)  The relatively small size of steroid hormones allows them to easily pass back into the peritubular capillaries if released into the filtrate. 
D)  Steroid hormones travel in the plasma on large transport proteins that cannon pass through the filtration membrane.

Question 14

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct 
B)  glomerular filtration membrane 
C)  nephron loop 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
A)  collecting duct 
B)  glomerular filtration membrane 
C)  nephron loop 
D)  distal convoluted tubule

Question 15

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density,which is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than water 
B)  much higher than water 
C)  the same as water 
D)  slightly higher than water 
A)  less than water 
B)  much higher than water 
C)  the same as water 
D)  slightly higher than water

Question 16

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  by producing new bicarbonate ions 
B)  by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions 
C)  by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate 
D)  by secreting sodium ions 
A)  by producing new bicarbonate ions 
B)  by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions 
C)  by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate 
D)  by secreting sodium ions

Question 17

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolytes 
B)  hormones 
C)  glucose 
D)  plasma protein 
A)  electrolytes 
B)  hormones 
C)  glucose 
D)  plasma protein

Question 18

Excretion of dilute urine requires ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  impermeability of the collecting tubule to water 
B)  the presence of ADH 
C)  relative permeability of the distal tubule to water 
D)  transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending nephron loop 
A)  impermeability of the collecting tubule to water 
B)  the presence of ADH 
C)  relative permeability of the distal tubule to water 
D)  transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending nephron loop

Question 19

Explain how an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor)such as captopril would be effective as an antihypertensive.

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrict

Question 20

Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: The Urinary System

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

Match the following: -Proximal convoluted tubule.

The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________.

Figure 25.1 Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Structure most closely associated with granular cells.

The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)?

If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg)renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells.Which of the following is not likely to occur?

Figure 25.1 Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Nephron loop.

In the absence of hormones,the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

Figure 25.1 Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Afferent arteriole.

List three substances that are abnormal urinary constituents and provide the proper clinical term for such abnormalities.

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density,which is ________.

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

Excretion of dilute urine requires ________.

Explain how an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor)such as captopril would be effective as an antihypertensive.

Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

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