Question 1

Asystole is the total absence of ventricular electrical activity.Explain why defibrillation would not be effective in this situation.

Accepted Answer

Defibrillation is accomplished by electrically shocking the heart,which interrupts its chaotic twitching by depolarizing the entire myocardium.In this case,the ventricles are at a total standstill and defibrillation would not be effective.

Question 2

Isovolumetric contraction ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers 
B)  occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close 
C)  occurs while the atrioventricular (AV) valves are open 
D)  occurs only in people with heart valve defects 
A)  refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers 
B)  occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close 
C)  occurs while the atrioventricular (AV) valves are open 
D)  occurs only in people with heart valve defects A

Question 3

A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with heart failure.He complains of increasing shortness of breath on exertion and needing to sleep on three pillows at night.On physical assessment,the nurse determines that his ankles and feet are very swollen.Which of these symptoms reflect left-sided heart failure and which reflect right-sided heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Because the heart is a double pump,each side can initially fail independently of the other.If the left side fails,pulmonary congestion occurs.The right side of the heart continues to propel blood to the lungs,but the left side does not adequately eject the returning blood into the systemic circulation.Thus,blood vessels in the lungs become engorged with blood,pressure within them increases,and fluid leaks from the circulation into the lung tissue,causing pulmonary edema.Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing in a prone position may occur.
If the right side of the heart fails,peripheral congestion occurs.Blood stagnates within body organs,and pooled fluids in the tissue spaces impair the ability of body cells to obtain adequate nutrients and oxygen and to rid themselves of wastes.Edema is most noticeable in the extremities (feet,ankles,and fingers).

Question 4

The atrioventricular (AV)valves are closed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  when the ventricles are in diastole 
B)  while the atria are contracting 
C)  when the ventricles are in systole 
D)  by the movement of blood from atria to ventricles 
A)  when the ventricles are in diastole 
B)  while the atria are contracting 
C)  when the ventricles are in systole 
D)  by the movement of blood from atria to ventricles

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an age-related change affecting the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  decline in cardiac reserve 
B)  thinning of the valve flaps 
C)  atherosclerosis 
D)  fibrosis of cardiac muscle 
A)  decline in cardiac reserve 
B)  thinning of the valve flaps 
C)  atherosclerosis 
D)  fibrosis of cardiac muscle

Question 6

Heart tissue is supplied with nutrients primarily by diffusion from the heart chambers through the myocardium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

Accepted Answer

A)  The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. 
B)  The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. 
C)  Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart. 
D)  The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. 
A)  The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. 
B)  The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. 
C)  Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart. 
D)  The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.

Question 8

If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched,oxygen rich blood would be pumped from the left ventricle to the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Match the following:
-Total heart relaxation.

Accepted Answer

A) Ectopic focus 
B) Quiescent period 
C) Fibrillation 
D) Ischemia 
E) Infarction 
A) Ectopic focus 
B) Quiescent period 
C) Fibrillation 
D) Ischemia 
E) Infarction

Question 10

Match the following:
-A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Ectopic focus 
B) Quiescent period 
C) Fibrillation 
D) Ischemia 
E) Infarction 
A) Ectopic focus 
B) Quiescent period 
C) Fibrillation 
D) Ischemia 
E) Infarction

Question 11

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid,________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle 
B)  threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase 
C)  potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate would occur 
D)  heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present 
A)  tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle 
B)  threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase 
C)  potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate would occur 
D)  heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present

Question 12

A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker to prevent angina (chest pain),by decreasing the demand for oxygen.Explain why.

Accepted Answer

By preventing the influx of calcium ions

Question 13

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac tamponade 
B)  myocardial infarction 
C)  pericarditis 
D)  angina pectoris 
A)  cardiac tamponade 
B)  myocardial infarction 
C)  pericarditis 
D)  angina pectoris

Question 14

The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the atrioventricular (AV)valve flaps.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

Accepted Answer

A)  If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased. 
B)  Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume. 
C)  A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. 
D)  Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases. 
A)  If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased. 
B)  Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume. 
C)  A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. 
D)  Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases.

Question 16

What is the expected heart rate when a heart is removed from a living body?

Accepted Answer

A)  75 beats / minute 
B)  100 beats / minute 
C)  50 beats / minute 
D)  the heart would immediately stop beating 
A)  75 beats / minute 
B)  100 beats / minute 
C)  50 beats / minute 
D)  the heart would immediately stop beating

Question 17

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Damage to the ________ causes heart block.

Accepted Answer

A)  sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  atrioventricular (AV) bundle 
D)  atrioventricular (AV) valves 
A)  sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  atrioventricular (AV) bundle 
D)  atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  bundle branches 
D)  atrioventricular (AV) valve 
A)  sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  bundle branches 
D)  atrioventricular (AV) valve

Question 20

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrium 
B)  right atrium 
C)  right ventricle 
D)  left ventricle 
A)  left atrium 
B)  right atrium 
C)  right ventricle 
D)  left ventricle

Exam 18: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Asystole is the total absence of ventricular electrical activity.Explain why defibrillation would not be effective in this situation.

Isovolumetric contraction ________.

The atrioventricular (AV)valves are closed ________.

Which of the following is NOT an age-related change affecting the heart?

Heart tissue is supplied with nutrients primarily by diffusion from the heart chambers through the myocardium.

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched,oxygen rich blood would be pumped from the left ventricle to the lungs.

Match the following: -Total heart relaxation.

Match the following: -A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid,________.

A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker to prevent angina (chest pain),by decreasing the demand for oxygen.Explain why.

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.

The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the atrioventricular (AV)valve flaps.

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

What is the expected heart rate when a heart is removed from a living body?

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle.

Damage to the ________ causes heart block.

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

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