Question 1

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  control of the acids produced in the stomach 
B)  the control of respiratory ventilation 
C)  the operation of the various buffer systems in the stomach 
D)  the active secretion of OH- into the filtrate by the kidney tubule cells 
A)  control of the acids produced in the stomach 
B)  the control of respiratory ventilation 
C)  the operation of the various buffer systems in the stomach 
D)  the active secretion of OH- into the filtrate by the kidney tubule cells B

Question 2

For bulk flow across capillary walls,________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial space returns fluid to the capillary 
B)  fluid runs into lymphatic capillaries that empty into the interstitial space 
C)  hydrostatic pressure of blood forces nearly protein-free plasma out of the blood into the interstitial space 
D)  osmotic pressure of plasma proteins pulls fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space 
A)  hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial space returns fluid to the capillary 
B)  fluid runs into lymphatic capillaries that empty into the interstitial space 
C)  hydrostatic pressure of blood forces nearly protein-free plasma out of the blood into the interstitial space 
D)  osmotic pressure of plasma proteins pulls fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffer system?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  protein 
D)  nucleic acid 
A)  phosphate 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  protein 
D)  nucleic acid D

Question 4

Match the electrolyte composition for the following:
-Bicarbonate ions are highest in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) interstitial fluid 
B) blood plasma 
C) intracellular fluid 
A) interstitial fluid 
B) blood plasma 
C) intracellular fluid

Question 5

One of the most powerful and plentiful sources of buffers is the protein buffer system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Describe the influence of rising parathyroid hormone (PTH)levels on bone,the small intestine,and the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)activates osteo

Question 7

After completing a marathon on a particularly warm day,Dave consumes four liters of water.Soon after,he begins to feel nauseous and starts vomiting.What is likely happening to Dave?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoproteinemia; unusually low levels of plasma proteins 
B)  obligatory water loss 
C)  dehydration 
D)  hyponatremia; very low extracellular sodium ion concentration 
A)  hypoproteinemia; unusually low levels of plasma proteins 
B)  obligatory water loss 
C)  dehydration 
D)  hyponatremia; very low extracellular sodium ion concentration

Question 8

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium while enhancing potassium secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The main way the kidney regulates potassium ions is to excrete them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

List and describe three stimuli that activate the hypothalamic thirst center.

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors detect ECF os

Question 11

After traveling from Los Angeles to Denver,Claire finds she is not feeling well and checks into a clinic for help.The clinic's diagnosis is respiratory alkalosis.What has caused this problem?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis is alway

Question 12

It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

To remain properly hydrated,water intake must equal water output.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the following:
-Calcium depletion.

Accepted Answer

A) Hypernatremia 
B) Hypocalcemia 
C) Hyponatremia 
D) Hyperkalemia 
E) Hypermagnesemia 
A) Hypernatremia 
B) Hypocalcemia 
C) Hyponatremia 
D) Hyperkalemia 
E) Hypermagnesemia

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a disorder of water balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotonic hydration, in which sodium content is normal but water content is high 
B)  excessive hydration due to excess atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion 
C)  edema or tissue swelling, which is usually due to an increased capillary hydrostatic pressure 
D)  excess water in interstitial spaces due to a low level of plasma proteins 
A)  hypotonic hydration, in which sodium content is normal but water content is high 
B)  excessive hydration due to excess atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion 
C)  edema or tissue swelling, which is usually due to an increased capillary hydrostatic pressure 
D)  excess water in interstitial spaces due to a low level of plasma proteins

Question 17

Nancy is experiencing an acute panic attack.While hyperventilating,she remembers to open a paper bag and breathe into it.What is Nancy trying to prevent?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  respiratory alkalosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis 
A)  respiratory acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  respiratory alkalosis 
D)  metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

Respiratory acidosis results when lungs are obstructed and gas exchange is inefficient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Calcitonin targets the bones and causes the release of calcium from storage when serum levels are low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is sodium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 26: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________.

For bulk flow across capillary walls,________.

Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffer system?

Match the electrolyte composition for the following: -Bicarbonate ions are highest in ________.

One of the most powerful and plentiful sources of buffers is the protein buffer system.

Describe the influence of rising parathyroid hormone (PTH)levels on bone,the small intestine,and the kidneys.

After completing a marathon on a particularly warm day,Dave consumes four liters of water.Soon after,he begins to feel nauseous and starts vomiting.What is likely happening to Dave?

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium while enhancing potassium secretion.

The main way the kidney regulates potassium ions is to excrete them.

List and describe three stimuli that activate the hypothalamic thirst center.

After traveling from Los Angeles to Denver,Claire finds she is not feeling well and checks into a clinic for help.The clinic's diagnosis is respiratory alkalosis.What has caused this problem?

It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions.

Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body.

To remain properly hydrated,water intake must equal water output.

Match the following: -Calcium depletion.

Which of the following is NOT a disorder of water balance?

Nancy is experiencing an acute panic attack.While hyperventilating,she remembers to open a paper bag and breathe into it.What is Nancy trying to prevent?

Respiratory acidosis results when lungs are obstructed and gas exchange is inefficient.

Calcitonin targets the bones and causes the release of calcium from storage when serum levels are low.

The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is sodium.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

Filters