Exam 26: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Aldosterone is secreted in response to low extracellular potassium.

Hypercalcemia causes muscle tetany.

Falling arterial blood pressure promotes ________.

Match the following: -Fluid in the spaces between cells.

A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value.What is the likely diagnosis?

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?

The normal pH of blood is 7.35-7.45.

Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.

An illness causes Doug to experience severe diarrhea and an accompanying loss of bicarbonate-rich secretions.How can this metabolic acidosis be compensated?

Match the electrolyte composition for the following: -Potassium ions are highest in ________.

Match the following: -Sodium excess.

Most acidic substances (hydrogen ions)originate as by-products of cellular metabolism.

Helen is a 62-year-old smoker.Her physician has diagnosed her as having emphysema that has caused her to hypoventilate.Surprisingly,when her blood pH is checked,it is 7.40.Why?

Why would an infant with colic be suffering from respiratory alkalosis?

Match the following: -Possibly caused by asthma,pneumonia,or a severe panic attack.

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________.

The phosphate buffer system is relatively unimportant for buffering blood plasma.

Which of the following hormones functions to increase water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins into the principal cell apical membranes?

Excessive loss of water from the extracellular fluid (ECF)leads to a rise in osmotic pressure in the ECF which causes cells to shrink as water leaves by osmosis.