Exam 26: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.

Mary finds that she regularly retains water at a certain point in the menstrual cycle.Which of the following is chemically similar to aldosterone,and like aldosterone,enhances NaCl reabsorption in the renal tubules?

Match the following: -A disorder entailing deficient aldosterone production by the adrenal cortex.

What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?

What provides the shortest-term mechanism for preventing acid-base imbalances in the body? The longest-term mechanism?

Blood analysis indicates a low pH,and the patient is breathing rapidly.Given your knowledge of acid-base balance,which of the following is most likely?

Heavy consumption of salt substitutes high in potassium can present a serious clinical problem when aldosterone release is not normal.

When aldosterone release is inhibited,sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule.

Carotid artery and aortic baroreceptors are involved in long term adjustment to total body sodium ion content.

When the blood becomes hypertonic (too many solutes),antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is released.What is the effect of ADH on the kidney tubules?

Match the following: -Possibly caused by vomiting,use of diuretics,or use of antacids.

Weak acids are able to act as chemical buffering systems for the body because they only partially dissociate.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart.The influence of this hormone is to ________.

Match the following: -Potassium excess.

In a car accident,Jane suffered a chest injury that resulted in impaired breathing and respiratory acidosis.How will her body compensate for this imbalance?

Water imbalance,in which output exceeds intake,causing an imbalance in body fluids,is termed dehydration.

Match the following: -Magnesium excess.

The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.

Salts are lost from the body in perspiration,and urine only.

If the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed,which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy?