Question 1

Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolism of lipids 
B)  secretory activity 
C)  neuromuscular activity 
D)  membrane permeability 
A)  anabolism of lipids 
B)  secretory activity 
C)  neuromuscular activity 
D)  membrane permeability

Question 2

Match the following:
-A condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells.This leads to severe metabolic disturbances.

Accepted Answer

A) Addison's disease 
B) Dehydration 
C) Edema 
D) Aldosterone 
E) Hyponatremia 
A) Addison's disease 
B) Dehydration 
C) Edema 
D) Aldosterone 
E) Hyponatremia

Question 3

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A patient's anxiety caused her to develop respiratory alkalosis.The nurse instructs the patient to take some slow deep breaths.Explain why this would be effective.

Accepted Answer

Instructing the patient to bre

Question 5

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO3- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Accepted Answer

The pH and bicarbonate levels

Question 6

Some potassium ions are reabsorbed from the kidney filtrate via type A intercalated cells,a unique population of collecting duct cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the effect of acidosis on the body? Of alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

When the body is in acute acidosis,the n

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are always more positive electrolytes than negative in a solution; it is therefore impossible to follow fluid shifts. 
B)  Nonelectrolytes are the controlling factor in directing fluid shifts. 
C)  Electrolytes are not as important as proteins in regulating fluid shifts in the body. 
D)  Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts. 
A)  There are always more positive electrolytes than negative in a solution; it is therefore impossible to follow fluid shifts. 
B)  Nonelectrolytes are the controlling factor in directing fluid shifts. 
C)  Electrolytes are not as important as proteins in regulating fluid shifts in the body. 
D)  Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.

Question 9

Match the following:
-Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) Addison's disease 
B) Dehydration 
C) Edema 
D) Aldosterone 
E) Hyponatremia 
A) Addison's disease 
B) Dehydration 
C) Edema 
D) Aldosterone 
E) Hyponatremia

Question 10

A pregnant woman complains to her doctor that her ankles and feet stay swollen all of the time.She is very worried about this.As her doctor,what would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

She is showing edema,an atypical accumul

Question 11

Blood acidity results in depression of the CNS,whereas blood alkalosis results in overexcitement of the CNS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Identify and describe the operation of the three major chemical buffers of the body.

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system (carbonic

Question 13

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid,most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  chloride 
C)  bicarbonate 
D)  iron 
A)  potassium 
B)  chloride 
C)  bicarbonate 
D)  iron

Question 14

Match the following:
-The main fluid compartment located within the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) Nonelectrolytes 
B) Electrolytes 
C) Intracellular 
D) Interstitial 
E) Extracellular 
A) Nonelectrolytes 
B) Electrolytes 
C) Intracellular 
D) Interstitial 
E) Extracellular

Question 15

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids 
B)  Na+ mainly in the cells, K+ in the body fluids 
C)  equal amounts of each ion in the cells and body fluids 
D)  K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids 
A)  little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids 
B)  Na+ mainly in the cells, K+ in the body fluids 
C)  equal amounts of each ion in the cells and body fluids 
D)  K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids

Question 16

The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  protein 
C)  phosphate 
D)  bicarbonate 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  protein 
C)  phosphate 
D)  bicarbonate

Question 17

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match the following:
-Possibly occurring with emphysema,extreme obesity,or narcotic overdose.

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Respiratory acidosis 
C) Metabolic acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Respiratory acidosis 
C) Metabolic acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 19

Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphoteric 
B)  metabolic 
C)  compensatory 
D)  volatile 
A)  amphoteric 
B)  metabolic 
C)  compensatory 
D)  volatile

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased extracellular fluid water levels 
B)  sympathetic stimulation 
C)  decreased stretch of the granular cells of the afferent arterioles 
D)  decreased filtrate NaCl concentration 
A)  increased extracellular fluid water levels 
B)  sympathetic stimulation 
C)  decreased stretch of the granular cells of the afferent arterioles 
D)  decreased filtrate NaCl concentration

Exam 26: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body?

Match the following: -A condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells.This leads to severe metabolic disturbances.

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.

A patient's anxiety caused her to develop respiratory alkalosis.The nurse instructs the patient to take some slow deep breaths.Explain why this would be effective.

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO3- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Some potassium ions are reabsorbed from the kidney filtrate via type A intercalated cells,a unique population of collecting duct cells.

What is the effect of acidosis on the body? Of alkalosis?

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?

Match the following: -Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid.

A pregnant woman complains to her doctor that her ankles and feet stay swollen all of the time.She is very worried about this.As her doctor,what would you tell her?

Blood acidity results in depression of the CNS,whereas blood alkalosis results in overexcitement of the CNS.

Identify and describe the operation of the three major chemical buffers of the body.

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid,most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Match the following: -The main fluid compartment located within the cell.

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin.

Match the following: -Possibly occurring with emphysema,extreme obesity,or narcotic overdose.

Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called ________.

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

Filters

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO₃^- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.