Question 1

All of the following will occur during water intoxication except

Accepted Answer

A)  ICF hypotonicity. 
B)  ECF hypotonicity circulatory. 
C)  excess free water retention. 
D)  water movement from ICF to ECF. 
E)  overhydration. 
A)  ICF hypotonicity. 
B)  ECF hypotonicity circulatory. 
C)  excess free water retention. 
D)  water movement from ICF to ECF. 
E)  overhydration.

Question 2

The primary ECF cation is ____, and the primary ICF cation is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  K+, Na+ 
B)  K+, Ca2+ 
C)  Ca2+, Na+ 
D)  Na+, K+ 
E)  Na+, Ca2+ 
A)  K+, Na+ 
B)  K+, Ca2+ 
C)  Ca2+, Na+ 
D)  Na+, K+ 
E)  Na+, Ca2+

Question 3

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The blood plasma and ____________________ make up...

Question 4

The primary anion in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ion. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  potassium ion. 
E)  sodium ion. 
A)  calcium ion. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  potassium ion. 
E)  sodium ion.

Question 5

Describe how ECF osmolarity is maintained and relate to water balance.

Accepted Answer

Maintaining ECF osmolarity prevents chan

Question 6

The amount of Na+ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na+ ____ minus the amount of Na+ ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  filtered, reabsorbed 
B)  ingested, filtered 
C)  ingested, metabolically consumed 
D)  ingested, placed in storage 
E)  secreted, reabsorbed 
A)  filtered, reabsorbed 
B)  ingested, filtered 
C)  ingested, metabolically consumed 
D)  ingested, placed in storage 
E)  secreted, reabsorbed

Question 7

OTHER
The questions refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. Indicate the correct answers by selecting the appropriate letter for each item.
-If a patient has extensive pneumonia, before compensation occurs the patient's PCO2 would be

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased. 
B)  increased. 
C)  normal. 
A)  decreased. 
B)  increased. 
C)  normal.

Question 8

The respiratory system can compensate for metabolic acidosis through hyperventilation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Variation in percent body water among individuals is primarily due to differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of adipose tissue. 
B)  total muscle mass. 
C)  vasopressin secretion. 
D)  drinking habits. 
E)  glomerular filtration rate. 
A)  amount of adipose tissue. 
B)  total muscle mass. 
C)  vasopressin secretion. 
D)  drinking habits. 
E)  glomerular filtration rate.

Question 10

The importance of regulating ECF osmolarity is

Accepted Answer

A)  to help maintain blood pressure. 
B)  to prevent the urine from becoming too concentrated. 
C)  to prevent fluid shifts between the cells and the extracellular fluid, which could produce profound symptoms as the cells swell or shrink. 
D)  to prevent spontaneous depolarization of nerve and muscle cell membranes because of shifts in Na+ balance. 
E)  to prevent an acid-base imbalance if the hydrogen ions were to become too concentrated or too dilute in the body fluids. 
A)  to help maintain blood pressure. 
B)  to prevent the urine from becoming too concentrated. 
C)  to prevent fluid shifts between the cells and the extracellular fluid, which could produce profound symptoms as the cells swell or shrink. 
D)  to prevent spontaneous depolarization of nerve and muscle cell membranes because of shifts in Na+ balance. 
E)  to prevent an acid-base imbalance if the hydrogen ions were to become too concentrated or too dilute in the body fluids.

Question 11

When the body becomes dehydrated (H2O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors are nearest to

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin-secreting cells. 
B)  carotid baroreceptors. 
C)  the adrenal cortex. 
D)  the adrenal medulla. 
E)  vasopressin-secreting cells. 
A)  angiotensin-secreting cells. 
B)  carotid baroreceptors. 
C)  the adrenal cortex. 
D)  the adrenal medulla. 
E)  vasopressin-secreting cells.

Question 13

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-No fluid shift occurs between the ECF and ICF.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration

Question 14

In a normal, healthy person, H2O intake equals H2O output.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Chemical buffer systems

Accepted Answer

A)  respond in 1 to 3 minutes to changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  stimulate the respiratory center when acidosis is present. 
C)  promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present. 
D)  are the most powerful mechanism available for regulating changes in [H+] within the body. 
E)  buffers changes in acid or base levels. 
A)  respond in 1 to 3 minutes to changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  stimulate the respiratory center when acidosis is present. 
C)  promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present. 
D)  are the most powerful mechanism available for regulating changes in [H+] within the body. 
E)  buffers changes in acid or base levels.

Question 16

What are the causes of the four forms of acid-base imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis causes deficits in

Question 17

Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The thirst mechanism is invoked when

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma osmolarity increases. 
B)  the plasma osmolarity decreases. 
C)  hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above. 
A)  the plasma osmolarity increases. 
B)  the plasma osmolarity decreases. 
C)  hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above.

Question 19

If the ECF's osmolarity increases

Accepted Answer

A)  water will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B)  water will not shift between the ECF and the ICF. 
C)  water will move from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  vasopressin secretion will decrease. 
E)  potassium and sodium will compensate. 
A)  water will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B)  water will not shift between the ECF and the ICF. 
C)  water will move from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  vasopressin secretion will decrease. 
E)  potassium and sodium will compensate.

Question 20

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a change in pH that...

All of the following will occur during water intoxication except

The primary ECF cation is , and the primary ICF cation is .

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

The primary anion in the extracellular fluid is

Describe how ECF osmolarity is maintained and relate to water balance.

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ minus the amount of Na⁺ .

The respiratory system can compensate for metabolic acidosis through hyperventilation.

Variation in percent body water among individuals is primarily due to differences in

The importance of regulating ECF osmolarity is

When the body becomes dehydrated (H₂O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors are nearest to

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -No fluid shift occurs between the ECF and ICF.

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O intake equals H₂O output.

Chemical buffer systems

What are the causes of the four forms of acid-base imbalances?

Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.

The thirst mechanism is invoked when

If the ECF's osmolarity increases

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

All of the following will occur during water intoxication except

The primary ECF cation is ____, and the primary ICF cation is ____.

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

The primary anion in the extracellular fluid is

Describe how ECF osmolarity is maintained and relate to water balance.

The amount of Na+ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na+ ____ minus the amount of Na+ ____.

The respiratory system can compensate for metabolic acidosis through hyperventilation.

Variation in percent body water among individuals is primarily due to differences in

The importance of regulating ECF osmolarity is

When the body becomes dehydrated (H2O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors are nearest to

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -No fluid shift occurs between the ECF and ICF.

In a normal, healthy person, H2O intake equals H2O output.

Chemical buffer systems

What are the causes of the four forms of acid-base imbalances?

Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.

The thirst mechanism is invoked when

If the ECF's osmolarity increases

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

The primary ECF cation is , and the primary ICF cation is .

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ minus the amount of Na⁺ .

When the body becomes dehydrated (H₂O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O intake equals H₂O output.