Question 1

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The ion in greatest concentration within the cytoplasm is

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ion. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  potassium ion. 
E)  sodium ion. 
A)  calcium ion. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  potassium ion. 
E)  sodium ion.

Question 3

Renal regulation of salt is the primary means of achieving salt balance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Osmolarity of the body fluids is decreased.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration

Question 5

If an individual becomes dehydrated

Accepted Answer

A)  increased facultative reabsorption of water occurs. 
B)  urinary output increases. 
C)  vasopressin secretion is decreased. 
D)  the ECF osmolarity becomes hypotonic. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  increased facultative reabsorption of water occurs. 
B)  urinary output increases. 
C)  vasopressin secretion is decreased. 
D)  the ECF osmolarity becomes hypotonic. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 6

A pH of 3 is 100 times as acidic as a pH of 5.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Extracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Plasma and interstitial fluid are nearly identical in composition, except that interstitial fluid lacks ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plasma and interstitial fluid are nearly identical...

Question 9

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a(n) ____________________ balance exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When total body input of a particular...

Question 10

pH is

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to log 1/[H+]. 
B)  is a measure osmolarity of a solution 
C)  high when acidosis is present. 
D)  always below 7.0 
E)  none of the above 
A)  equal to log 1/[H+]. 
B)  is a measure osmolarity of a solution 
C)  high when acidosis is present. 
D)  always below 7.0 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

Sodium is directly or indirectly controlled through all these mechanisms except

Accepted Answer

A)  the baroreceptor reflexes. 
B)  the renin-angiotensin mechanism. 
C)  aldosterone activity. 
D)  changes in kidney function 
E)  sweat production 
A)  the baroreceptor reflexes. 
B)  the renin-angiotensin mechanism. 
C)  aldosterone activity. 
D)  changes in kidney function 
E)  sweat production

Question 12

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  control of intake through thirst. 
B)  control of sweating 
C)  control of output through regulation of urine production by the kidney 
D)  oral metering 
E)  control of insensible water loss 
A)  control of intake through thirst. 
B)  control of sweating 
C)  control of output through regulation of urine production by the kidney 
D)  oral metering 
E)  control of insensible water loss

Question 13

A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased GFR. 
B)  release of aldosterone. 
C)  increased sodium reabsorption. 
D)  decreased chloride excretion. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  decreased GFR. 
B)  release of aldosterone. 
C)  increased sodium reabsorption. 
D)  decreased chloride excretion. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 14

The urinary system can compensate for metabolic acidosis by conserving H+ and excreting bicarbonate..

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Chemical buffer systems

Accepted Answer

A)  can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in [H+]. 
B)  are the only mechanism available for regulating changes in [H+] within the body. 
C)  actually eliminate acid from the body. 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in [H+]. 
B)  are the only mechanism available for regulating changes in [H+] within the body. 
C)  actually eliminate acid from the body. 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 16

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code:
-Is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) refers to regulation of ECF volume 
B) refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity 
A) refers to regulation of ECF volume 
B) refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity

Question 18

When the concentration of H+ increases above normal, for compensation the response is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased excretion of H+ in the urine. 
B)  increased concentration of H+ in the plasma. 
C)  increased reabsorption of all filtered bicarbonate ions. 
D)  increased secretion of aldosterone from the posterior pituitary. 
E)  synthesis of H+ by acid dissociation. 
A)  decreased excretion of H+ in the urine. 
B)  increased concentration of H+ in the plasma. 
C)  increased reabsorption of all filtered bicarbonate ions. 
D)  increased secretion of aldosterone from the posterior pituitary. 
E)  synthesis of H+ by acid dissociation.

Question 19

Water is freely permeable through all cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The ICF contains about ____ of the total water of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  1/10 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3 
E)  5/6 
A)  1/10 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3 
E)  5/6

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

The ion in greatest concentration within the cytoplasm is

Renal regulation of salt is the primary means of achieving salt balance.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Osmolarity of the body fluids is decreased.

If an individual becomes dehydrated

A pH of 3 is 100 times as acidic as a pH of 5.

Extracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

Plasma and interstitial fluid are nearly identical in composition, except that interstitial fluid lacks ________.

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a(n) ____________________ balance exists.

pH is

Sodium is directly or indirectly controlled through all these mechanisms except

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger

The urinary system can compensate for metabolic acidosis by conserving H⁺ and excreting bicarbonate..

Chemical buffer systems

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure.

When the concentration of H⁺ increases above normal, for compensation the response is a(n)

Water is freely permeable through all cell membranes.

The ICF contains about ____ of the total water of the body.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

The ion in greatest concentration within the cytoplasm is

Renal regulation of salt is the primary means of achieving salt balance.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Osmolarity of the body fluids is decreased.

If an individual becomes dehydrated

A pH of 3 is 100 times as acidic as a pH of 5.

Extracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

Plasma and interstitial fluid are nearly identical in composition, except that interstitial fluid lacks ________.

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a(n) ____________________ balance exists.

pH is

Sodium is directly or indirectly controlled through all these mechanisms except

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger

The urinary system can compensate for metabolic acidosis by conserving H+ and excreting bicarbonate..

Chemical buffer systems

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code: -Is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure.

When the concentration of H+ increases above normal, for compensation the response is a(n)

Water is freely permeable through all cell membranes.

The ICF contains about ____ of the total water of the body.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

The urinary system can compensate for metabolic acidosis by conserving H⁺ and excreting bicarbonate..

When the concentration of H⁺ increases above normal, for compensation the response is a(n)