Question 1

Normal body fluids are:

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly acidic 
B)  slightly basic 
C)  neutral 
D)  mildly acidic 
E)  mildly basic 
A)  slightly acidic 
B)  slightly basic 
C)  neutral 
D)  mildly acidic 
E)  mildly basic

Question 2

Match buffer system with correct characteristic.
-primary intracellular buffer

Accepted Answer

A) hemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system 
A) hemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system

Question 3

If an individual is overhydrated,

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O will move by osmosis into the cells. 
B)  both the ECF and ICF compartments will be hypotonic after the fluid shift has occurred. 
C)  symptoms might include confusion, headache, lethargy, weakness, and edema. 
D)  two of these answers. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  H2O will move by osmosis into the cells. 
B)  both the ECF and ICF compartments will be hypotonic after the fluid shift has occurred. 
C)  symptoms might include confusion, headache, lethargy, weakness, and edema. 
D)  two of these answers. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 4

Water is the most abundant component of the body, making up over 95% of the body weight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Sensible water loss includes loss

Accepted Answer

A)  during cellular metabolism. 
B)  from the lungs. 
C)  from sweat. 
D)  in the feces. 
E)  from urine 
A)  during cellular metabolism. 
B)  from the lungs. 
C)  from sweat. 
D)  in the feces. 
E)  from urine

Question 6

OTHER
The questions refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. Indicate the correct answers by selecting the appropriate letter for each item.
-As a consequence of this change in PCO2, the patient's [H2] would be

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased. 
B)  increased. 
C)  normal. 
A)  decreased. 
B)  increased. 
C)  normal.

Question 7

The second line of defense will be the respiratory mechanism of pH control. Which of the following statements concerning respiratory response in this situation is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  the respiratory mechanism of pH control cannot occur in this situation. 
B)  faster, deeper respirations will occur to compensate for the change in [H+]. 
C)  slower, shallower respirations will occur to compensate for the change in [H+]. 
A)  the respiratory mechanism of pH control cannot occur in this situation. 
B)  faster, deeper respirations will occur to compensate for the change in [H+]. 
C)  slower, shallower respirations will occur to compensate for the change in [H+].

Question 8

Which of the following are compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance as a result of the baroreceptor reflex. 
B)  a shift of fluid out of the interstitial compartment into the vasculature. 
C)  a reduction in the urinary excretion of salt and accompanying fluid. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance as a result of the baroreceptor reflex. 
B)  a shift of fluid out of the interstitial compartment into the vasculature. 
C)  a reduction in the urinary excretion of salt and accompanying fluid. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 9

Extracellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A)  includes plasma. 
B)  includes interstitial fluid. 
C)  constitutes a smaller percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid. 
D)  includes both plasma and interstitial fluid. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  includes plasma. 
B)  includes interstitial fluid. 
C)  constitutes a smaller percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid. 
D)  includes both plasma and interstitial fluid. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 10

Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match buffer system with correct characteristic.
-primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

Accepted Answer

A) hemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system 
A) hemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system

Question 12

The thirst center is closely related to or perhaps identical with the cells that secrete vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
-excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 14

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning hypotonicity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  during hypotonicity, water enters the cells by osmosis. 
B)  the only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid. 
C)  hypotonicity is a major consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of vasopressin. 
D)  hypotonicity is usually associated with a negative water balance. 
E)  common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin and sunken eyeballs. 
A)  during hypotonicity, water enters the cells by osmosis. 
B)  the only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid. 
C)  hypotonicity is a major consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of vasopressin. 
D)  hypotonicity is usually associated with a negative water balance. 
E)  common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin and sunken eyeballs.

Question 16

When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained

Accepted Answer

A)  both ECF and ICF become more dilute. 
B)  cells will lose water 
C)  the osmolarity of the ECF drops. 
D)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF 
E)  water levels remain unchanged 
A)  both ECF and ICF become more dilute. 
B)  cells will lose water 
C)  the osmolarity of the ECF drops. 
D)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF 
E)  water levels remain unchanged

Question 17

Describe how the body responds to a substantial drop in ECF pH.

Accepted Answer

Chemical buffer systems act as the first

Question 18

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphoric and sulfuric acids formed during the metabolism of dietary proteins. 
B)  lactic acid production by the muscles during exercise. 
C)  carbonic acid generated from metabolically produced CO2. 
D)  natural acids found in foods, such as citric acid. 
E)  fatty acids produced during fat metabolism. 
A)  phosphoric and sulfuric acids formed during the metabolism of dietary proteins. 
B)  lactic acid production by the muscles during exercise. 
C)  carbonic acid generated from metabolically produced CO2. 
D)  natural acids found in foods, such as citric acid. 
E)  fatty acids produced during fat metabolism.

Question 19

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H+ and anions.

Accepted Answer

Normal body fluids are:

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary intracellular buffer

If an individual is overhydrated,

Water is the most abundant component of the body, making up over 95% of the body weight.

Sensible water loss includes loss

OTHER The questions refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. Indicate the correct answers by selecting the appropriate letter for each item. -As a consequence of this change in PCO₂, the patient's [H₂] would be

The second line of defense will be the respiratory mechanism of pH control. Which of the following statements concerning respiratory response in this situation is correct?

Which of the following are compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Extracellular fluid

Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

The thirst center is closely related to or perhaps identical with the cells that secrete vasopressin.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Which of the following statements concerning hypotonicity is correct?

When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained

Describe how the body responds to a substantial drop in ECF pH.

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Normal body fluids are:

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary intracellular buffer

If an individual is overhydrated,

Water is the most abundant component of the body, making up over 95% of the body weight.

Sensible water loss includes loss

OTHER The questions refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. Indicate the correct answers by selecting the appropriate letter for each item. -As a consequence of this change in PCO2, the patient's [H2] would be

The second line of defense will be the respiratory mechanism of pH control. Which of the following statements concerning respiratory response in this situation is correct?

Which of the following are compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Extracellular fluid

Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. -primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

The thirst center is closely related to or perhaps identical with the cells that secrete vasopressin.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Which of the following statements concerning hypotonicity is correct?

When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained

Describe how the body responds to a substantial drop in ECF pH.

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H+ and anions.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

OTHER The questions refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from extensive pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. Indicate the correct answers by selecting the appropriate letter for each item. -As a consequence of this change in PCO₂, the patient's [H₂] would be

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.