Exam 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The percentage of body water varies from person to person.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Cells shrink.

The primary buffer in the ICF is

The main control for salt balance is

The amount of salt in sweat is the major, controlled excretion of salt.

The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -COPD

The baroreceptor reflexes affect sodium balance by

Sodium is the primary ______cation, and potassium is primarily found in the _____.

To compensate for changes in ECF volume, fluid shifts occur temporarily and automatically between the plasma and intracellular fluid.

Ammonia combines with free hydrogen in the tubular fluid to form ammonium ions which helps buffer pH of the urine.

Indicate compensatory mechanisms associated with each type of acid-base imbalance by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -respiratory system hypoventilates, kidney conserves H⁺

A thirst center is located in the __________in close proximity to the vasopressin-secreting cells.

Select the primary buffer system in the ECF.

When H⁺ secretion increases to compensate for acidosis, less ______ can be secreted and vice versa when H⁺ secretion is reduced in alkalosis.

pH

Salt balance in humans

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH₃

Whenever the ECF compartment becomes hypertonic, water moves into cells by osmosis