Question 1

Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A)  is released when hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated. 
B)  atrial volume are activated. 
C)  causes increased systemic vasoconstriction. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  is released when hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated. 
B)  atrial volume are activated. 
C)  causes increased systemic vasoconstriction. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 2

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
-pneumonia

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can combine with a free H+, thus removing it from solution.

Accepted Answer

Question 4

The three processes for salt output are loss of salt in sweat and feces and controlled excretion of salt in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
-anxiety

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 6

Which of the following does not occur during water deficit?

Accepted Answer

A)  ECF volume increases 
B)  increase release of vasopressin 
C)  decreased urine output 
D)  increased thirst 
E)  all of the above occur 
A)  ECF volume increases 
B)  increase release of vasopressin 
C)  decreased urine output 
D)  increased thirst 
E)  all of the above occur

Question 7

Vomiting of gastric contents

Accepted Answer

A)  can lead to dehydration. 
B)  can cause metabolic acidosis. 
C)  can cause metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  both can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic acidosis. 
E)  both can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  can lead to dehydration. 
B)  can cause metabolic acidosis. 
C)  can cause metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  both can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic acidosis. 
E)  both can lead to dehydration and cause metabolic alkalosis.

Question 8

The third line of defense will be the renal mechanism of pH control. Which of the following renal compensations will occur in response to this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3- excretion will increase. 
B)  H+ excretion will increase. 
C)  NH3 secretion is likely to occur. 
D)  both (b) and (c) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  HCO3- excretion will increase. 
B)  H+ excretion will increase. 
C)  NH3 secretion is likely to occur. 
D)  both (b) and (c) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 9

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Occurs with water deprivation.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration

Question 10

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
-fever

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 11

A ____ exists when total body input of a particular substance exceed its total body output.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive balance. 
B)  negative balance. 
C)  stable balance. 
D)  state of equilibrium. 
E)  steady state. 
A)  positive balance. 
B)  negative balance. 
C)  stable balance. 
D)  state of equilibrium. 
E)  steady state.

Question 12

H2 generated from CO2 at the tissue level is

Accepted Answer

A)  the major source of hydrogen ion in the body. 
B)  normally buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs by hemoglobin. 
C)  responsible for the fact that the pH of the venous blood is higher than the pH of the arterial blood. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  the major source of hydrogen ion in the body. 
B)  normally buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs by hemoglobin. 
C)  responsible for the fact that the pH of the venous blood is higher than the pH of the arterial blood. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 13

Which factor is controlled by vasopressin?

Accepted Answer

A)  ECF volume 
B)  ECF osmolarity 
C)  maintenance of free water balance 
D)  both (a) and (b) 
E)  both (b) and (c) 
A)  ECF volume 
B)  ECF osmolarity 
C)  maintenance of free water balance 
D)  both (a) and (b) 
E)  both (b) and (c)

Question 14

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing becomes shallower. 
B)  breathing becomes slower. 
C)  CO2 levels in the body decrease. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above. 
A)  breathing becomes shallower. 
B)  breathing becomes slower. 
C)  CO2 levels in the body decrease. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above.

Question 16

MATCHING
Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration or dehydration

Question 17

When an isotonic fluid is injected into the ECF compartment, it changes volume by ____________________ in size.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an isotonic fluid is injected into...

Question 18

When H+ secretion increases to compensate for acidosis, less of which of the following ions can then be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium 
E)  sodium 
A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium 
E)  sodium

Question 19

When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, fluid will

Accepted Answer

A)  shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B)  not shift between the ECF and ICF. 
C)  shift from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  none of these answers. 
A)  shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B)  not shift between the ECF and ICF. 
C)  shift from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  none of these answers.

Question 20

Often patients experiencing sympathetically induced hyperventilation are told to breath in a paper bag. Why?

Accepted Answer

When someone hyperventilates because of

Vasopressin

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -pneumonia

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can combine with a free H⁺, thus removing it from solution.

The three processes for salt output are loss of salt in sweat and feces and controlled excretion of salt in the urine.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -anxiety

Which of the following does not occur during water deficit?

Vomiting of gastric contents

The third line of defense will be the renal mechanism of pH control. Which of the following renal compensations will occur in response to this condition?

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Occurs with water deprivation.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -fever

A ____ exists when total body input of a particular substance exceed its total body output.

H₂ generated from CO₂ at the tissue level is

Which factor is controlled by vasopressin?

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

When an isotonic fluid is injected into the ECF compartment, it changes volume by ____________________ in size.

When H⁺ secretion increases to compensate for acidosis, less of which of the following ions can then be secreted?

When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, fluid will

Often patients experiencing sympathetically induced hyperventilation are told to breath in a paper bag. Why?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Vasopressin

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -pneumonia

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can combine with a free H+, thus removing it from solution.

The three processes for salt output are loss of salt in sweat and feces and controlled excretion of salt in the urine.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -anxiety

Which of the following does not occur during water deficit?

Vomiting of gastric contents

The third line of defense will be the renal mechanism of pH control. Which of the following renal compensations will occur in response to this condition?

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Occurs with water deprivation.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -fever

A ____ exists when total body input of a particular substance exceed its total body output.

H2 generated from CO2 at the tissue level is

Which factor is controlled by vasopressin?

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

When an isotonic fluid is injected into the ECF compartment, it changes volume by ____________________ in size.

When H+ secretion increases to compensate for acidosis, less of which of the following ions can then be secreted?

When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, fluid will

Often patients experiencing sympathetically induced hyperventilation are told to breath in a paper bag. Why?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can combine with a free H⁺, thus removing it from solution.

H₂ generated from CO₂ at the tissue level is

When H⁺ secretion increases to compensate for acidosis, less of which of the following ions can then be secreted?