Exam 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Why would eating a very salty snack make you thirsty?

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Which of the following is not a potential cause of hypertonicity in the body?

Under conditions of severe pH changes, which system can return the pH almost exactly to normal?

The vast majority of the extracellular fluid's osmotic activity is contributed by

ECF volume is controlled by the hormone ____________________, while ECF osmolarity is controlled by the hormone ____________________

The ____________________ are the group of molecules that are the most plentiful buffers in the body.

Each intracellular protein exerts more osmotic effect than each intracellular phosphate ion because the proteins are larger.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Occurs with heavy vomiting.

Indicate compensatory mechanisms associated with each type of acid-base imbalance by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. -only kidney compensation by conserving H⁺

Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis?

If the pH of body fluids is 7.30, acidosis is said to exist even though a solution with a pH of 7.30 is chemically considered to be basic.

____________________ are too large to pass through the pores in the capillary and enter the interstitial fluid.

MATCHING Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

The kidneys control the pH of the body fluids by adjusting:

Describe how sodium and blood pressure balance are interconnected.

Which is a source of water input?

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

The force responsible for movement of H₂O between the ECF and ICF is ____________________.

Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.