Question 1

Kidney disease is classified according to:

Accepted Answer

A) GFR. 
B) the ratio of albumin to creatinine in a urine sample. 
C) BUN levels. 
D) the degree of proteinuria. 
A) GFR. 
B) the ratio of albumin to creatinine in a urine sample. 
C) BUN levels. 
D) the degree of proteinuria.

Question 2

The nurse in the dialysis unit understands that patients may experience various complications during hemodialysis.Which of the following is not a common complication during hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

A) headache 
B) hypotension 
C) leg cramps 
D) severe pain 
A) headache 
B) hypotension 
C) leg cramps 
D) severe pain

Question 3

Nephrotic syndrome is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) damage to the glomeruli. 
B) damage to the tubules. 
C) excessive protein intake. 
D) excessive fat intake. 
A) damage to the glomeruli. 
B) damage to the tubules. 
C) excessive protein intake. 
D) excessive fat intake.

Question 4

As compared to standard formulas, enteral formulas suitable for chronic kidney disease have all of the following characteristics except:

Accepted Answer

A) they are more calorically dense. 
B) they are lower in protein. 
C) they are lower in electrolytes. 
D) they contain more water. 
A) they are more calorically dense. 
B) they are lower in protein. 
C) they are lower in electrolytes. 
D) they contain more water.

Question 5

The early phase of acute kidney injury characterized by the inability to produce much urine is called the _____ phase.

Accepted Answer

A) oliguric 
B) recovery 
C) diuretic 
D) anuric 
A) oliguric 
B) recovery 
C) diuretic 
D) anuric

Question 6

Mr.Wilson's estimated energy needs are:

Accepted Answer

A) 1818 kcal per day. 
B) 2182 kcal per day. 
C) 2545 kcal per day. 
D) 2909 kcal per day. 
A) 1818 kcal per day. 
B) 2182 kcal per day. 
C) 2545 kcal per day. 
D) 2909 kcal per day.

Question 7

A glomerular filtration rate 2 indicates:

Accepted Answer

A) little or no loss of kidney function. 
B) mild but reversible kidney damage. 
C) Stage 5 chronic kidney disease. 
D) that nutrition therapy but not dialysis should be prescribed. 
A) little or no loss of kidney function. 
B) mild but reversible kidney damage. 
C) Stage 5 chronic kidney disease. 
D) that nutrition therapy but not dialysis should be prescribed.

Question 8

In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to:

Accepted Answer

A) a loss of bone calcium due to hyperphosphatemia. 
B) edema due to increased urine production. 
C) an increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone. 
D) production of at least 800 mL of urine per day. 
A) a loss of bone calcium due to hyperphosphatemia. 
B) edema due to increased urine production. 
C) an increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone. 
D) production of at least 800 mL of urine per day.

Question 9

The best way to prevent the formation of kidney stones is to:

Accepted Answer

A) minimize calcium intake. 
B) eat less meat. 
C) eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables. 
D) drink 12 to 16 cups of fluids per day.
Use the following case study to answer questions 52-57.
Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker.He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds.Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function.His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2. 
A) minimize calcium intake. 
B) eat less meat. 
C) eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables. 
D) drink 12 to 16 cups of fluids per day.
Use the following case study to answer questions 52-57.
Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old.He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker.He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds.Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function.His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2.

Question 10

The likely cause of Mr.Wilson's chronic kidney disease is:

Accepted Answer

A) his history of type 1 diabetes. 
B) exposure to chemicals in the workplace. 
C) his history of smoking. 
D) unknown.
Use the following case study to answer questions 58-62.
Mr)Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease.Mr.Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care.As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr.Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision.He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago.A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr.Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products. 
A) his history of type 1 diabetes. 
B) exposure to chemicals in the workplace. 
C) his history of smoking. 
D) unknown.
Use the following case study to answer questions 58-62.
Mr)Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease.Mr.Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care.As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr.Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision.He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago.A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr.Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products.

Question 11

Foods high in oxalate include:

Accepted Answer

A) spinach. 
B) milk. 
C) carrots. 
D) apples. 
A) spinach. 
B) milk. 
C) carrots. 
D) apples.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The chemical composition of the dialysate does not affect the movement of solutes across the semipermeable membrane. 
B) Bicarbonates are added to a dialysate for a person with acidosis. 
C) When the concentration of a substance is higher in the dialysate than in the blood, the substance will diffuse out of the blood. 
D) Dialysate contains no urea or potassium. 
A) The chemical composition of the dialysate does not affect the movement of solutes across the semipermeable membrane. 
B) Bicarbonates are added to a dialysate for a person with acidosis. 
C) When the concentration of a substance is higher in the dialysate than in the blood, the substance will diffuse out of the blood. 
D) Dialysate contains no urea or potassium.

Question 13

Describe the appropriate dietary treatment for different types of kidney stones, including calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine.

Accepted Answer

The appropriate dietary treatment for di

Question 14

Foods considered part of the fluid allowance in a diet for chronic kidney disease include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) gelatin. 
B) popsicles. 
C) grapes. 
D) ice milk. 
A) gelatin. 
B) popsicles. 
C) grapes. 
D) ice milk.

Question 15

Which of the following needs takes priority in planning a renal diet?

Accepted Answer

A) adjustment of protein 
B) adjustment of simple carbohydrate 
C) adjustment of fat 
D) adjustment of fiber 
A) adjustment of protein 
B) adjustment of simple carbohydrate 
C) adjustment of fat 
D) adjustment of fiber

Question 16

Mr.Bradley's comprehension of the need for a lower-phosphorus diet is reflected by his statement that:

Accepted Answer

A) "I will need to eat fewer fatty meats." 
B) "I will need to avoid legumes." 
C) "I will need to limit dairy products." 
D) "I can eat all the bread I want." 
E) "Becoming a vegetarian would best meet my protein needs." 
A) "I will need to eat fewer fatty meats." 
B) "I will need to avoid legumes." 
C) "I will need to limit dairy products." 
D) "I can eat all the bread I want." 
E) "Becoming a vegetarian would best meet my protein needs."

Question 17

Calcium oxalate stones are usually accompanied by:

Accepted Answer

A) hypercalciuria. 
B) hyperkalemia. 
C) hyperphosphatemia. 
D) hypercholesterolemia. 
A) hypercalciuria. 
B) hyperkalemia. 
C) hyperphosphatemia. 
D) hypercholesterolemia.

Question 18

A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia.The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

Accepted Answer

A) edema 
B) infection 
C) rickets 
D) altered blood lipids 
A) edema 
B) infection 
C) rickets 
D) altered blood lipids

Question 19

Individuals on peritoneal dialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The nurse understands that patients on peritoneal dialysis may experience all of the following side effects except:

Accepted Answer

A) weight gain. 
B) hyperglycemia. 
C) lactose intolerance. 
D) hypertriglyceridemia. 
A) weight gain. 
B) hyperglycemia. 
C) lactose intolerance. 
D) hypertriglyceridemia.

Exam 22: Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Kidney disease is classified according to:

The nurse in the dialysis unit understands that patients may experience various complications during hemodialysis.Which of the following is not a common complication during hemodialysis?

Nephrotic syndrome is a result of:

As compared to standard formulas, enteral formulas suitable for chronic kidney disease have all of the following characteristics except:

The early phase of acute kidney injury characterized by the inability to produce much urine is called the _____ phase.

Mr.Wilson's estimated energy needs are:

A glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min per 1.73 m2 indicates:

In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to:

The best way to prevent the formation of kidney stones is to:

The likely cause of Mr.Wilson's chronic kidney disease is:

Foods high in oxalate include:

Which of the following statements is true?

Describe the appropriate dietary treatment for different types of kidney stones, including calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine.

Foods considered part of the fluid allowance in a diet for chronic kidney disease include all of the following except:

Which of the following needs takes priority in planning a renal diet?

Mr.Bradley's comprehension of the need for a lower-phosphorus diet is reflected by his statement that:

Calcium oxalate stones are usually accompanied by:

A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia.The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

Individuals on peritoneal dialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.

The nurse understands that patients on peritoneal dialysis may experience all of the following side effects except:

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection

Filters

A glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min per 1.73 m² indicates: