Exam 1: A: Foundations

An astronaut in an inertial reference frame measures a time interval Δt between her heartbeats.What will observers in all other inertial reference frames measure for the time interval between her heartbeats?

An ideal gas initially at 300 K and occupying a volume of 20 L is adiabatically compressed.If its final temperature is 400 K and γ = 1.30,what is its final volume?

An object is undergoing simple harmonic motion with frequency f = 9.7 Hz and an amplitude of 0.12 m.At t = 0.00 s the object is at x = 0.00 m.How long does it take the object to go from x = 0.00 m to x = 0.048 m?

A huge (essentially infinite)horizontal nonconducting sheet 10.0 cm thick has charge uniformly spread over both faces.The upper face carries +95.0 nC/m² while the lower face carries -25.0 nC/ m².What is the magnitude of the electric field at a point within the sheet 2.00 cm below the upper face? (ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N • m²)

In the figure,the image is viewed on a screen and is 13.5 mm tall.What is the focal length of the lens?

The simple harmonic motion of an object is described by the graph shown in the figure.What is the equation for the position x(t)of the object as a function of time t?

A bar magnet is held vertically with its upper end a little bit below the center of a horizontal metal ring.The upper end of the magnet is its north pole,as shown in the figure.The bar magnet is now dropped.An observer views the ring from above its center.To this observer,how will the induced current in the ring behave as the magnet falls?

An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 50.0 kV.What is the TOTAL energy of the electron? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C,m_el = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg)

The wavelength of a certain laser is 0.35 micrometers,where 1 micrometer = 1 × 10^-6 m. Express this wavelength in nanometers.

Light of wavelength 519 nm passes through two slits.In the interference pattern on a screen 4.6 m away,adjacent bright fringes are separated by 5.2 mm in the general vicinity of the center of the pattern.What is the separation of the two slits?

A lawn roller in the form of a uniform solid cylinder is being pulled horizontally by a horizontal force B applied to an axle through the center of the roller,as shown in the figure.The roller has radius 0.65 meters and mass 51 kg and rolls without slipping.What magnitude of the force B is required to give the center of mass of the roller an acceleration of 2.8 m/s²?

Vectors and Are shown in the figure.Vector Is given by = - )The magnitude of vector Is 16.0 units,and the magnitude of vector Is 7.00 units.What is the magnitude of vector ?

A ball is tied to the end of a cable of negligible mass. The ball is spun in a circle with a radius 2.00 m making 7.00 revolutions every 10.0 seconds. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball?

An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 50.0 kV.What is the speed of the electron? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C,m_el = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg)

An enclosed chamber with sound absorbing walls has a 2.0 m × 1.0 m opening for an outside window.A loudspeaker is located outdoors,84 m away and facing the window.The intensity level of the sound entering the window space from the loudspeaker is 56 dB.Assume the acoustic output of the loudspeaker is uniform in all directions and that acoustic energy incident upon the ground is completely absorbed and therefore is not reflected into the window.The threshold of hearing is 1.0 × 10^-12 W/m².The acoustic power output of the loudspeaker is closest to

A dumbbell-shaped object is composed by two equal masses,m,connected by a rod of negligible mass and length r.If I₁ is the moment of inertia of this object with respect to an axis passing through the center of the rod and perpendicular to it and I₂ is the moment of inertia with respect to an axis passing through one of the masses,it follows that

During an isothermal process,5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal (thermal)energy of the gas?

As a result of any natural process,the total entropy of any system plus that of its environment

A diffraction grating has 300 lines per mm.If light of wavelength 630 nm is sent through this grating,what is the highest order maximum that will appear?

Ekapluto is an unknown planet that has two spherical moons in circular orbits.The table summarizes the hypothetical data about the moons.Both moons have low axial spin rates. (G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N • m²/kg²) The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Moon B is