Question 1

The proton-translocating ATP synthase complex is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol. 
B) outer membrane of the mitochondria. 
C) inner membrane of the mitochondria. 
D) matrix. 
E) intermembrane space. 
A) cytosol. 
B) outer membrane of the mitochondria. 
C) inner membrane of the mitochondria. 
D) matrix. 
E) intermembrane space.

Question 2

The biochemical process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones and energy is released is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) anabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) digestion. 
D) metabolism. 
E) respiration. 
A) anabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) digestion. 
D) metabolism. 
E) respiration.

Question 3

Photosynthesis is an ________ process because the free energy of the products is ________ the free energy of the reactants.

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic;greater than 
B) exergonic;greater than 
C) endergonic;less than 
D) exergonic;less than 
E) equilibrium;the same as 
A) endergonic;greater than 
B) exergonic;greater than 
C) endergonic;less than 
D) exergonic;less than 
E) equilibrium;the same as

Question 4

All of the following chemicals except ________ provide protection against potentially harmful oxygen species.

Accepted Answer

A) beta-carotene 
B) catalase 
C) hydrogen peroxide 
D) vitamin C 
E) vitamin E 
A) beta-carotene 
B) catalase 
C) hydrogen peroxide 
D) vitamin C 
E) vitamin E

Question 5

After O2 has been reduced in the electron transport chain,the oxygen atoms are part of what molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) water 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) acetate 
E) acetyl-CoA 
A) ATP 
B) water 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) acetate 
E) acetyl-CoA

Question 6

Which of the following statements about free radicals is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a by-product of oxygen-consuming redox reactions. 
B) Their unpaired electron makes them extremely reactive. 
C) They can disrupt covalent bonds in biomolecules. 
D) B vitamins provide protection from their harmful effects. 
E) Superoxide catalase is one of the specific enzymes that can provide protection from their harmful effects. 
A) They are a by-product of oxygen-consuming redox reactions. 
B) Their unpaired electron makes them extremely reactive. 
C) They can disrupt covalent bonds in biomolecules. 
D) B vitamins provide protection from their harmful effects. 
E) Superoxide catalase is one of the specific enzymes that can provide protection from their harmful effects.

Question 7

The ultimate source of energy for all but a very few biochemical reactions is

Accepted Answer

A) hydrocarbons. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) lipids. 
D) the sun. 
E) ATP. 
A) hydrocarbons. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) lipids. 
D) the sun. 
E) ATP.

Question 8

Which group of compounds includes only high-energy molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP;acetyl-CoA;NADH;FADH2 
B) ADP;acetyl-CoA;NAD+;FAD 
C) ATP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
D) ADP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
E) ATP;CO2;NAD+;FAD 
A) ATP;acetyl-CoA;NADH;FADH2 
B) ADP;acetyl-CoA;NAD+;FAD 
C) ATP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
D) ADP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
E) ATP;CO2;NAD+;FAD

Question 9

The hydrolysis of creatine phosphate is coupled with the synthesis of ATP.The equations for the reactions are given below.Would this coupling be favored?
Creatine phosphate + H2O → Creatine + HOPO3-2 ΔG = -10.3 kcal/mol
ADP + HOPO3-2 + H+ → ATP + H2O ΔG = +7.3 kcal/mol

Accepted Answer

Add the two equations to get:

Question 10

The common molecule produced from all foods at the second stage of catabolism is

Accepted Answer

A) ADP. 
B) acetyl-CoA. 
C) glucose. 
D) citric acid. 
E) carbon dioxide. 
A) ADP. 
B) acetyl-CoA. 
C) glucose. 
D) citric acid. 
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 11

A cyclic metabolic sequence can best be described as one in which

Accepted Answer

A) the product of the first reaction is the starting material for the next reaction,and so on. 
B) a series of reactions regenerates the initial reactant. 
C) the various reactions have virtually no connection to one another. 
D) the same set of enzymes progressively builds up a molecule. 
E) the same set of enzymes catalyses the same reaction in both the forward and reverse directions. 
A) the product of the first reaction is the starting material for the next reaction,and so on. 
B) a series of reactions regenerates the initial reactant. 
C) the various reactions have virtually no connection to one another. 
D) the same set of enzymes progressively builds up a molecule. 
E) the same set of enzymes catalyses the same reaction in both the forward and reverse directions.

Question 12

The cellular organelle that is responsible for most cellular catabolic redox reactions is the

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion. 
B) chloroplast. 
C) peroxisome. 
D) ribosome. 
A)  mitochondrion. 
B) chloroplast. 
C) peroxisome. 
D) ribosome.

Question 13

The driving force which provides the energy for synthesis of ATP in the fourth stage of metabolism is the

Accepted Answer

A) exergonic conversion of ADP to ATP. 
B) energy difference between reduced carbon atoms and oxidized carbon atoms. 
C) concentration gradient of hydrogen ions between the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) concentration difference in oxygen between the cell and the intercellular fluid. 
E) none of the above 
A) exergonic conversion of ADP to ATP. 
B) energy difference between reduced carbon atoms and oxidized carbon atoms. 
C) concentration gradient of hydrogen ions between the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) concentration difference in oxygen between the cell and the intercellular fluid. 
E) none of the above

Question 14

Match the following.
-digestion

Accepted Answer

A) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the stage of catabolism in which acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2 
D) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy 
E) the universal energy currency of the cell;a molecule used to transfer energy
F)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
G)the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP 
A) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the stage of catabolism in which acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2 
D) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy 
E) the universal energy currency of the cell;a molecule used to transfer energy
F)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
G)the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP

Question 15

Exergonic reactions are those that have a ________ value of ΔG and ________ spontaneous.

Accepted Answer

A) positive;are 
B) positive;are not 
C) negative;are 
D) negative;are not 
E) none of the above 
A) positive;are 
B) positive;are not 
C) negative;are 
D) negative;are not 
E) none of the above

Question 16

Which group of compounds includes only low-energy molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP;acetyl-CoA;NADH;FADH2 
B) ADP;acetyl-CoA;NAD+;FAD 
C) ATP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
D) ADP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
E) ADP;CO2;NAD+;FAD 
A) ATP;acetyl-CoA;NADH;FADH2 
B) ADP;acetyl-CoA;NAD+;FAD 
C) ATP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
D) ADP;CO2;NADH;FADH2 
E) ADP;CO2;NAD+;FAD

Question 17

A metabolic pathway in which a series of steps,each using different enzymes,regenerates one of the early reactants,is a(an)________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) anabolic 
B) catabolic 
C) cyclic 
D) linear 
E) spiral 
A) anabolic 
B) catabolic 
C) cyclic 
D) linear 
E) spiral

Question 18

Which of the following organelles is involved in breakdown of unwanted molecules and cellular components?

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi apparatus 
B) lysosome 
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D) mitochondria 
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
A) Golgi apparatus 
B) lysosome 
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D) mitochondria 
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which of the following reactions is the least energetic?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP + H2O → AMP + PPi 
C) ADP + H2O → AMP + Pi 
D) AMP + H2O → Adenosine + Pi 
E) All give off the same amount of energy. 
A) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP + H2O → AMP + PPi 
C) ADP + H2O → AMP + Pi 
D) AMP + H2O → Adenosine + Pi 
E) All give off the same amount of energy.

Question 20

The mitochondria are the organelles where ________ takes place and most ________ is produced.

Accepted Answer

A) citric acid cycle;ATP 
B) catabolism;acetyl coenzyme A 
C) catabolism;ATP 
D) citric acid cycle;acetyl coenzyme A 
E) catabolism;fatty acid 
A) citric acid cycle;ATP 
B) catabolism;acetyl coenzyme A 
C) catabolism;ATP 
D) citric acid cycle;acetyl coenzyme A 
E) catabolism;fatty acid

Exam 21: The Generation of Biochemical Energy

The proton-translocating ATP synthase complex is located in the

The biochemical process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones and energy is released is referred to as

Photosynthesis is an ________ process because the free energy of the products is ________ the free energy of the reactants.

All of the following chemicals except ________ provide protection against potentially harmful oxygen species.

After O2 has been reduced in the electron transport chain,the oxygen atoms are part of what molecules?

Which of the following statements about free radicals is incorrect?

The ultimate source of energy for all but a very few biochemical reactions is

Which group of compounds includes only high-energy molecules?

The hydrolysis of creatine phosphate is coupled with the synthesis of ATP.The equations for the reactions are given below.Would this coupling be favored? Creatine phosphate + H2O → Creatine + HOPO3-2 ΔG = -10.3 kcal/mol ADP + HOPO3-2 + H+ → ATP + H2O ΔG = +7.3 kcal/mol

The common molecule produced from all foods at the second stage of catabolism is

A cyclic metabolic sequence can best be described as one in which

The cellular organelle that is responsible for most cellular catabolic redox reactions is the

The driving force which provides the energy for synthesis of ATP in the fourth stage of metabolism is the

Match the following. -digestion

Exergonic reactions are those that have a ________ value of ΔG and ________ spontaneous.

Which group of compounds includes only low-energy molecules?

A metabolic pathway in which a series of steps,each using different enzymes,regenerates one of the early reactants,is a(an)________ pathway.

Which of the following organelles is involved in breakdown of unwanted molecules and cellular components?

Which of the following reactions is the least energetic?

The mitochondria are the organelles where ________ takes place and most ________ is produced.

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Aldehydes and Ketones

Amines

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

Photosynthesis is an process because the free energy of the products is the free energy of the reactants.

After O₂ has been reduced in the electron transport chain,the oxygen atoms are part of what molecules?

The hydrolysis of creatine phosphate is coupled with the synthesis of ATP.The equations for the reactions are given below.Would this coupling be favored? Creatine phosphate + H₂O → Creatine + HOPO₃^-2 ΔG = -10.3 kcal/mol ADP + HOPO₃^-2 + H⁺ → ATP + H₂O ΔG = +7.3 kcal/mol

Exergonic reactions are those that have a value of ΔG and spontaneous.

The mitochondria are the organelles where takes place and most is produced.