Question 1

How would urinary output be affected if the antidiuretic hormone was overexcreted?

Accepted Answer

A) increased output 
B) decreased output 
C) greatly decrease output 
D) no affect on output 
A) increased output 
B) decreased output 
C) greatly decrease output 
D) no affect on output

Question 2

How would urinary output be affected if the antidiuretic hormone was underexcreted?

Accepted Answer

A) increased output 
B) decreased output 
C) greatly increase output 
D) no affect on output 
A) increased output 
B) decreased output 
C) greatly increase output 
D) no affect on output

Question 3

The major cation and anion in extracellular fluids are ________ and ________,respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) potassium; chloride 
B) potassium; hydrogen phosphate 
C) sodium; bicarbonate 
D) sodium; chloride 
E) sodium; hydrogen phosphate 
A) potassium; chloride 
B) potassium; hydrogen phosphate 
C) sodium; bicarbonate 
D) sodium; chloride 
E) sodium; hydrogen phosphate

Question 4

What pH value is associated with the onset of respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) 7.8 
B) 7.4 
C) 7.2 
D) 7.0 
E) 6.8 
A) 7.8 
B) 7.4 
C) 7.2 
D) 7.0 
E) 6.8

Question 5

Fibrinogen can be classified as a(an)________ because it circulates in the bloodstream in an inactive form until it is converted to its active form when needed.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acid 
B) coenzyme 
C) enzyme 
D) lipid 
E) zymogen 
A) amino acid 
B) coenzyme 
C) enzyme 
D) lipid 
E) zymogen

Question 6

Comment on the tertiary structure of the defensive proteins immunoglobulins and fibrin.Explain how the structure of each protein contributes to its function.

Accepted Answer

Immunoglobulins,as the name implies,are

Question 7

Carbon dioxide transport is an important aspect of maintaining proper pH in blood because

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide is basic when dissolved in water. 
B) a high pH causes more carbon dioxide to dissolve in blood. 
C) the multiple equilibria between CO2 and bicarbonate ion involve hydrogen ions. 
D) carbon dioxide can affect the acidity of hemoglobin molecules. 
E) none of the above 
A) carbon dioxide is basic when dissolved in water. 
B) a high pH causes more carbon dioxide to dissolve in blood. 
C) the multiple equilibria between CO2 and bicarbonate ion involve hydrogen ions. 
D) carbon dioxide can affect the acidity of hemoglobin molecules. 
E) none of the above

Question 8

All of the following are functions of blood except

Accepted Answer

A) defense from foreign organisms. 
B) transport of waste products. 
C) regulation of body temperature. 
D) production of energy for anabolic processes. 
E) regulation of acid-base balance in the body. 
A) defense from foreign organisms. 
B) transport of waste products. 
C) regulation of body temperature. 
D) production of energy for anabolic processes. 
E) regulation of acid-base balance in the body.

Question 9

Which ion is not a major constituent of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Fe2+ 
C) K+ 
D) C1- 
E) HPO42- 
A) Na+ 
B) Fe2+ 
C) K+ 
D) C1- 
E) HPO42-

Question 10

Two components of blood that carry out the protection function are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A) immunoglobulins; platelets 
B) albumins; fibrinogen 
C) albumins; red blood cells 
D) white blood cells; albumins 
E) platelets; red blood cells 
A) immunoglobulins; platelets 
B) albumins; fibrinogen 
C) albumins; red blood cells 
D) white blood cells; albumins 
E) platelets; red blood cells

Question 11

Each of the following characteristics of molecules allows them to dissolve in water except

Accepted Answer

A) being a gas. 
B) being a charged particle. 
C) being a large complex molecule with ionic or polar groups on the surface. 
D) being hydrophobic on the surface. 
E) being a small polar covalent molecule. 
A) being a gas. 
B) being a charged particle. 
C) being a large complex molecule with ionic or polar groups on the surface. 
D) being hydrophobic on the surface. 
E) being a small polar covalent molecule.

Question 12

The protein in red blood cells that is most important to their major function is

Accepted Answer

A) fibrin. 
B) fibrinogen. 
C) hemoglobin. 
D) heme. 
E) immunoglobulin. 
A) fibrin. 
B) fibrinogen. 
C) hemoglobin. 
D) heme. 
E) immunoglobulin.

Question 13

Hemoglobin is capable of carrying ________ oxygen molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 5 
A) 4 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 5

Question 14

All of the following can be found in a normal urine sample except

Accepted Answer

A) potassium ions. 
B) sodium ions. 
C) urea. 
D) red blood cells. 
E) creatinine. 
A) potassium ions. 
B) sodium ions. 
C) urea. 
D) red blood cells. 
E) creatinine.

Question 15

Most of the water in the human body is found

Accepted Answer

A) in blood plasma. 
B) inside cells. 
C) as interstitial fluids. 
D) in miscellaneous fluids,such as cerebrospinal fluid and lymph. 
E) none of the above 
A) in blood plasma. 
B) inside cells. 
C) as interstitial fluids. 
D) in miscellaneous fluids,such as cerebrospinal fluid and lymph. 
E) none of the above

Question 16

The hormone that helps to regulate the level of sodium ions in the blood is

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone. 
B) vasopressin. 
C) insulin. 
D) progesterone. 
A) aldosterone. 
B) vasopressin. 
C) insulin. 
D) progesterone.

Question 17

The functional units in the kidney are the numerous

Accepted Answer

A) hemoglobin molecules. 
B) tubules. 
C) glomeruli. 
D) nephrons. 
E) neurons. 
A) hemoglobin molecules. 
B) tubules. 
C) glomeruli. 
D) nephrons. 
E) neurons.

Question 18

The osmolarities of blood plasma,intracellular fluid,and interstitial fluid are ________ because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the same; their compositions are identical 
B) the same; they contain the same total number but different kinds of dissolved particles 
C) different; they contain the same kinds and proportions of dissolved particles but different total numbers of particles 
D) different; osmosis cannot occur fast enough to balance the differences 
E) different; each fluid contains different numbers of each kind of solute particles 
A) the same; their compositions are identical 
B) the same; they contain the same total number but different kinds of dissolved particles 
C) different; they contain the same kinds and proportions of dissolved particles but different total numbers of particles 
D) different; osmosis cannot occur fast enough to balance the differences 
E) different; each fluid contains different numbers of each kind of solute particles

Question 19

Match the following.
-extracellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A) any substance that is foreign to the body and therefore causes an immune response 
B) a protein molecule that identifies foreign substances and mediates certain immune responses 
C) an abnormal condition in which the acidity of the blood is higher than normal and the pH is lower 
D) fluid inside cells 
E) fluid outside of cells,such as blood plasma or interstitial fluid
F)an abnormal condition in which the acidity of the blood is lower than normal and the pH is higher 
A) any substance that is foreign to the body and therefore causes an immune response 
B) a protein molecule that identifies foreign substances and mediates certain immune responses 
C) an abnormal condition in which the acidity of the blood is higher than normal and the pH is lower 
D) fluid inside cells 
E) fluid outside of cells,such as blood plasma or interstitial fluid
F)an abnormal condition in which the acidity of the blood is lower than normal and the pH is higher

Question 20

Which bodily fluid has the highest concentration of potassium ion?

Accepted Answer

A) intracellular fluid 
B) extracellular fluid 
C) blood plasma 
D) blood serum 
E) none of the above 
A) intracellular fluid 
B) extracellular fluid 
C) blood plasma 
D) blood serum 
E) none of the above

Exam 29: Body Fluids

How would urinary output be affected if the antidiuretic hormone was overexcreted?

How would urinary output be affected if the antidiuretic hormone was underexcreted?

The major cation and anion in extracellular fluids are ________ and ________,respectively.

What pH value is associated with the onset of respiratory alkalosis?

Fibrinogen can be classified as a(an)________ because it circulates in the bloodstream in an inactive form until it is converted to its active form when needed.

Comment on the tertiary structure of the defensive proteins immunoglobulins and fibrin.Explain how the structure of each protein contributes to its function.

Carbon dioxide transport is an important aspect of maintaining proper pH in blood because

All of the following are functions of blood except

Which ion is not a major constituent of body fluids?

Two components of blood that carry out the protection function are ________ and ________.

Each of the following characteristics of molecules allows them to dissolve in water except

The protein in red blood cells that is most important to their major function is

Hemoglobin is capable of carrying ________ oxygen molecules.

All of the following can be found in a normal urine sample except

Most of the water in the human body is found

The hormone that helps to regulate the level of sodium ions in the blood is

The functional units in the kidney are the numerous

The osmolarities of blood plasma,intracellular fluid,and interstitial fluid are ________ because ________.

Match the following. -extracellular fluid

Which bodily fluid has the highest concentration of potassium ion?

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Filters

The major cation and anion in extracellular fluids are and ,respectively.

Two components of blood that carry out the protection function are and .

The osmolarities of blood plasma,intracellular fluid,and interstitial fluid are because .