Question 1

Which conversion is accomplished during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose to glycogen 
B) glucose to pyruvate 
C) starch to glucose 
D) pyruvate to glucose 
E) glycogen to glucose 
A) glucose to glycogen 
B) glucose to pyruvate 
C) starch to glucose 
D) pyruvate to glucose 
E) glycogen to glucose

Question 2

All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except

Accepted Answer

A) the major chemical reaction in digestion is enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of large molecules. 
B) digestion begins in the mouth,continues in the stomach,and is completed in the small intestine. 
C) digestion can be considered a catabolic process in which bulk food is broken down into individual small molecules. 
D) the same enzymes are used in the digestion of carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins. 
E) the major physical processes in digestion are mixing,softening,and grinding of food. 
A) the major chemical reaction in digestion is enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of large molecules. 
B) digestion begins in the mouth,continues in the stomach,and is completed in the small intestine. 
C) digestion can be considered a catabolic process in which bulk food is broken down into individual small molecules. 
D) the same enzymes are used in the digestion of carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins. 
E) the major physical processes in digestion are mixing,softening,and grinding of food.

Question 3

The chemical resulting from steps 3-5 of glycolysis which is oxidized in step 6 is

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) acetyl-SCoA. 
C) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
D) citrate. 
E) oxaloacetate. 
A) glucose. 
B) acetyl-SCoA. 
C) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
D) citrate. 
E) oxaloacetate.

Question 4

Match the following.
-pentose phosphate pathway

Accepted Answer

A) the conversion of glucose into glycogen 
B) the conversion of glucose into carbohydrate molecules containing phosphate
groups and five carbon atoms 
C) the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources 
D) the conversion of glycogen into glucose 
E) the conversion of glucose into pyruvate 
A) the conversion of glucose into glycogen 
B) the conversion of glucose into carbohydrate molecules containing phosphate
groups and five carbon atoms 
C) the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources 
D) the conversion of glycogen into glucose 
E) the conversion of glucose into pyruvate

Question 5

The action of yeast on pyruvate is a process referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) alcoholic fermentation. 
B) aerobic oxidation. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) anaerobic reduction. 
E) substrate-level phosphorylation. 
A) alcoholic fermentation. 
B) aerobic oxidation. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) anaerobic reduction. 
E) substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 6

The process of making glucose from noncarbohydrates is known as

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis. 
B) glycogenolysis. 
C) gluconeogenesis. 
D) glycogenesis. 
E) lipogenesis. 
A) glycolysis. 
B) glycogenolysis. 
C) gluconeogenesis. 
D) glycogenesis. 
E) lipogenesis.

Question 7

Glycogen is most commonly found in ________ cells and ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) red blood; white blood 
B) red blood; liver 
C) muscle; white blood 
D) muscle; liver 
E) bone; white blood 
A) red blood; white blood 
B) red blood; liver 
C) muscle; white blood 
D) muscle; liver 
E) bone; white blood

Question 8

The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis is a(an)________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) isomerization 
B) reduction 
C) oxidation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) dehydration 
A) isomerization 
B) reduction 
C) oxidation 
D) phosphorylation 
E) dehydration

Question 9

When blood sugar levels are lower than normal,this condition is called

Accepted Answer

A) hypoglycemia. 
B) hyperglycemia. 
C) glucosuria. 
D) diabetes mellitus. 
A) hypoglycemia. 
B) hyperglycemia. 
C) glucosuria. 
D) diabetes mellitus.

Question 10

The target molecule(s)for α-amylase is (are)

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) sucrose. 
C) all disaccharides. 
D) starch. 
E) starch and glycogen. 
A) glucose. 
B) sucrose. 
C) all disaccharides. 
D) starch. 
E) starch and glycogen.

Question 11

The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when nucleic acid synthesis is a priority is

Accepted Answer

A) producing NADPH. 
B) producing ribose. 
C) meeting the need for large amounts of ATP. 
D) providing intermediates for the citric acid cycle. 
E) providing intermediates for glycogenesis. 
A) producing NADPH. 
B) producing ribose. 
C) meeting the need for large amounts of ATP. 
D) providing intermediates for the citric acid cycle. 
E) providing intermediates for glycogenesis.

Question 12

In an individual who is starving or fasting,the body meets its need for glucose first by the process of ________,and then by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis; gluconeogenesis 
B) glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis 
C) gluconeogenesis; glycogenesis 
D) glycogenesis; lipogenesis 
E) lipogenesis; glycogenolysis 
A) glycolysis; gluconeogenesis 
B) glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis 
C) gluconeogenesis; glycogenesis 
D) glycogenesis; lipogenesis 
E) lipogenesis; glycogenolysis

Question 13

The major products of carbohydrate digestion are

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharides and disaccharides 
B) monosaccharides 
C) acetyl CoA 
D) pyruvic acid 
A) monosaccharides and disaccharides 
B) monosaccharides 
C) acetyl CoA 
D) pyruvic acid

Question 14

Glycolysis occurs mainly in the

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol of all cells. 
B) mitochondria of all cells. 
C) muscle. 
D) liver. 
E) brain. 
A) cytosol of all cells. 
B) mitochondria of all cells. 
C) muscle. 
D) liver. 
E) brain.

Question 15

The overall yield of ATP molecules from the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose in humans and other mammals is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 18 
B) 24 
C) 32 
D) 42 
E) 56 
A) 18 
B) 24 
C) 32 
D) 42 
E) 56

Question 16

Entry of monosaccharides other than glucose into the glycolysis pathway initially involves

Accepted Answer

A) breakdown into pyruvate. 
B) oxidation into acetyl groups. 
C) conversion into phosphates. 
D) reduction of carbonyl groups. 
E) hydrolysis of 2-carbon units. 
A) breakdown into pyruvate. 
B) oxidation into acetyl groups. 
C) conversion into phosphates. 
D) reduction of carbonyl groups. 
E) hydrolysis of 2-carbon units.

Question 17

Pyruvate is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reduction of pyruvate provides NAD+ which is needed for glycolysis 
B) lactate releases oxygen upon conversion to acetyl-CoA 
C) reduction of pyruvate provides NADH which is needed for gluconeogenesis 
D) lactate is storage for of pyruvate for use later when more ATP is needed 
E) none of the above 
A) reduction of pyruvate provides NAD+ which is needed for glycolysis 
B) lactate releases oxygen upon conversion to acetyl-CoA 
C) reduction of pyruvate provides NADH which is needed for gluconeogenesis 
D) lactate is storage for of pyruvate for use later when more ATP is needed 
E) none of the above

Question 18

Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized in muscle cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) lactate 
B) ethanol 
C) acetyl-SCoA 
D) phosphoenol pyruvate 
E) glucose 
A) lactate 
B) ethanol 
C) acetyl-SCoA 
D) phosphoenol pyruvate 
E) glucose

Question 19

A lack of insulin causes ________,a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is ________ than normal.

Accepted Answer

A) hypoglycemia; lower 
B) hypoglycemia; higher 
C) hyperglycemia; lower 
D) hyperglycemia; higher 
E) none of the above 
A) hypoglycemia; lower 
B) hypoglycemia; higher 
C) hyperglycemia; lower 
D) hyperglycemia; higher 
E) none of the above

Question 20

The most important goal of glucose metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A) synthesis of oxidized coenzymes. 
B) synthesis of glycogen for later use. 
C) production of ATP as an energy source for all cells. 
D) production of acetyl-SCoA for synthesis of lipids. 
E) synthesis of carbon skeletons for amino acid production. 
A) synthesis of oxidized coenzymes. 
B) synthesis of glycogen for later use. 
C) production of ATP as an energy source for all cells. 
D) production of acetyl-SCoA for synthesis of lipids. 
E) synthesis of carbon skeletons for amino acid production.

Exam 22: Carbohydrate Metabolism

Which conversion is accomplished during glycolysis?

All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except

The chemical resulting from steps 3-5 of glycolysis which is oxidized in step 6 is

Match the following. -pentose phosphate pathway

The action of yeast on pyruvate is a process referred to as

The process of making glucose from noncarbohydrates is known as

Glycogen is most commonly found in ________ cells and ________ cells.

The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis is a(an)________ reaction.

When blood sugar levels are lower than normal,this condition is called

The target molecule(s)for α-amylase is (are)

The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when nucleic acid synthesis is a priority is

In an individual who is starving or fasting,the body meets its need for glucose first by the process of ________,and then by the process of ________.

The major products of carbohydrate digestion are

Glycolysis occurs mainly in the

The overall yield of ATP molecules from the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose in humans and other mammals is ________.

Entry of monosaccharides other than glucose into the glycolysis pathway initially involves

Pyruvate is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions because ________.

Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized in muscle cells under anaerobic conditions?

A lack of insulin causes ________,a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is ________ than normal.

The most important goal of glucose metabolism is

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

Glycogen is most commonly found in cells and cells.

In an individual who is starving or fasting,the body meets its need for glucose first by the process of ,and then by the process of .

A lack of insulin causes ,a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is than normal.