Question 1

The concept that radiowave propagation was affected by the atmosphere of the earth was discovered by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept that radiowave propagation was affected...

Question 2

In the troposphere, temperature __________ with increasing altitude, while in the stratosphere, temperature __________ with increasing altitude.

Accepted Answer

A) increases, increases 
B) decreases, decreases 
C) increases, decreases 
D) decreases, increases 
E) decreases, remains constant 
A) increases, increases 
B) decreases, decreases 
C) increases, decreases 
D) decreases, increases 
E) decreases, remains constant

Question 3

The main ionic constituent of sea water is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) SO4-2 
D) Mg+2 
E) Ca+2 
A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) SO4-2 
D) Mg+2 
E) Ca+2

Question 4

Sulfur released into the troposphere arises from both natural and human activity. What is the ratio of human to natural sources of sulfur compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) 3:1 
B) 2:1 
C) 1:1 
D) 1:2 
E) 1:3 
A) 3:1 
B) 2:1 
C) 1:1 
D) 1:2 
E) 1:3

Question 5

Eutrophication of a lake is the process of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) rapid increase in the amount of dead and decaying plant matter in the lake as a result of excessive plant growth 
B) rapid decline in the lake's pH due to acid rain 
C) dissolved oxygen being depleted by an overpopulation of fish 
D) stocking the lake with fish 
E) restoration of the lake's dissolved oxygen supply by aerobic bacteria 
A) rapid increase in the amount of dead and decaying plant matter in the lake as a result of excessive plant growth 
B) rapid decline in the lake's pH due to acid rain 
C) dissolved oxygen being depleted by an overpopulation of fish 
D) stocking the lake with fish 
E) restoration of the lake's dissolved oxygen supply by aerobic bacteria

Question 6

CO2 from hydrocarbon combustion creates a major environmental problem that is described as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) the greenhouse effect 
B) photochemical smog 
C) acid rain 
D) stratospheric ozone depletion 
E) all of the above 
A) the greenhouse effect 
B) photochemical smog 
C) acid rain 
D) stratospheric ozone depletion 
E) all of the above

Question 7

The mole fraction of carbon dioxide in dry air near sea level is 0.000375, where the molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.010. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide when the total atmospheric pressure (dry air)is 97.5 kPa is __________ kPa.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.63 × 105 
B) 5.97 × 103 
C) 0.0370 
D) 1.63 
E) 8.40 × 10-4 
A) 2.63 × 105 
B) 5.97 × 103 
C) 0.0370 
D) 1.63 
E) 8.40 × 10-4

Question 8

In the world's oceans, the average salinity is about __________ g/kg.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.03 
B) 0.1 
C) 35 
D) 17 
E) 3.5 
A) 0.03 
B) 0.1 
C) 35 
D) 17 
E) 3.5

Question 9

The average pH of the oceans is __________ and is maintained by the buffering capacity of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average pH of the oceans is...

Question 10

In the purification of drinking water, the filtered water is made basic by adding ________, then particles and bacteria are captured by adding __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the purification of drinking water, the...

Question 11

The brown color of photochemical smog over a city is mainly due to __________.

Accepted Answer

A) NO2 
B) N2O4 
C) CO 
D) SO2 
E) CO2 
A) NO2 
B) N2O4 
C) CO 
D) SO2 
E) CO2

Question 12

Water containing high concentrations of __________ cations is called hard water.

Accepted Answer

A) Ca2+ 
B) Mg2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) K+ 
E) Ca2+ or Mg2+ 
A) Ca2+ 
B) Mg2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) K+ 
E) Ca2+ or Mg2+

Question 13

Of the noble gases, __________ is present in highest concentration in dry air at sea level.

Accepted Answer

A) Ne 
B) He 
C) Xe 
D) Kr 
E) Ar 
A) Ne 
B) He 
C) Xe 
D) Kr 
E) Ar

Question 14

The fourth most abundant component of dry air is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fourth most abundant component of dry...

Question 15

Nitric oxide arises from auto emissions and reacts with oxygen to produce __________ which reacts with sunlight to produce __________ atoms which react with oxygen to produce __________.

Accepted Answer

nitrogen d

Question 16

Most fresh water in the U.S. is used for agriculture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The majority of SO2 released annually in the United States results from __________.

Accepted Answer

A) combustion of oil 
B) acid rain 
C) combustion of coal 
D) depletion of ozone by CFCs 
E) all of the above 
A) combustion of oil 
B) acid rain 
C) combustion of coal 
D) depletion of ozone by CFCs 
E) all of the above

Question 18

The mole fraction of helium in dry air near sea level is 0.00000524 where the molar mass of helium is 4.003. The concentration of helium in the atmosphere is __________ ppm.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.91 × 1011 
B) 5.24 × 10-4 
C) 5240 
D) 5.24 
E) 5.24 × 10-12 
A) 1.91 × 1011 
B) 5.24 × 10-4 
C) 5240 
D) 5.24 
E) 5.24 × 10-12

Question 19

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are exothermic?1. O2 (g)+ hν → O (g)+ O (g) 2. O (g)+ O2 (g)+ M (g)→ O3(g)+ M* (g)
3. O3 (g)+ hν → O2 (g)+ O (g)
4. O (g)+ O (g)+ M (g)→ O2 (g)+ M* (g)

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 4 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 2 only 
E) all of them 
A) 2 and 4 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 2 only 
E) all of them

Question 20

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk?
O + O2 → O3*

Accepted Answer

The asterisk indicat

Exam 18: Chemistry of the Environment

The concept that radiowave propagation was affected by the atmosphere of the earth was discovered by __________.

In the troposphere, temperature __________ with increasing altitude, while in the stratosphere, temperature __________ with increasing altitude.

The main ionic constituent of sea water is __________.

Sulfur released into the troposphere arises from both natural and human activity. What is the ratio of human to natural sources of sulfur compounds?

Eutrophication of a lake is the process of __________.

CO2 from hydrocarbon combustion creates a major environmental problem that is described as __________.

The mole fraction of carbon dioxide in dry air near sea level is 0.000375, where the molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.010. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide when the total atmospheric pressure (dry air)is 97.5 kPa is __________ kPa.

In the world's oceans, the average salinity is about __________ g/kg.

The average pH of the oceans is __________ and is maintained by the buffering capacity of __________.

In the purification of drinking water, the filtered water is made basic by adding ________, then particles and bacteria are captured by adding __________.

The brown color of photochemical smog over a city is mainly due to __________.

Water containing high concentrations of __________ cations is called hard water.

Of the noble gases, __________ is present in highest concentration in dry air at sea level.

The fourth most abundant component of dry air is __________.

Nitric oxide arises from auto emissions and reacts with oxygen to produce __________ which reacts with sunlight to produce __________ atoms which react with oxygen to produce __________.

Most fresh water in the U.S. is used for agriculture.

The majority of SO2 released annually in the United States results from __________.

The mole fraction of helium in dry air near sea level is 0.00000524 where the molar mass of helium is 4.003. The concentration of helium in the atmosphere is __________ ppm.

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are exothermic?1. O2 (g)+ hν → O (g)+ O (g) 2. O (g)+ O2 (g)+ M (g)→ O3(g)+ M* (g) 3. O3 (g)+ hν → O2 (g)+ O (g) 4. O (g)+ O (g)+ M (g)→ O2 (g)+ M* (g)

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O2 → O3*

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Calculations With Chemical Formulas and Equations

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Thermochemistry

Electronic Structure of Atoms

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Solids and Modern Materials

Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acid-Base Equilibria

Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria

Chemical Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry

The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Filters

In the troposphere, temperature with increasing altitude, while in the stratosphere, temperature with increasing altitude.

CO₂ from hydrocarbon combustion creates a major environmental problem that is described as __________.

The average pH of the oceans is and is maintained by the buffering capacity of .

In the purification of drinking water, the filtered water is made basic by adding , then particles and bacteria are captured by adding __.

Nitric oxide arises from auto emissions and reacts with oxygen to produce which reacts with sunlight to produce atoms which react with oxygen to produce __.

The majority of SO₂ released annually in the United States results from __________.

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are exothermic?1. O₂ (g)+ hν → O (g)+ O (g) 2. O (g)+ O₂ (g)+ M (g)→ O₃(g)+ M^* (g) 3. O₃ (g)+ hν → O₂ (g)+ O (g) 4. O (g)+ O (g)+ M (g)→ O₂ (g)+ M^* (g)

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O₂ → O₃*