Question 1

What is the wavelength of a photon with just enough energy to break a CN bond? (The bond energy of the CN bond is 891 kJ/mole.)

Accepted Answer

A) 242 nm 
B) 304 nm 
C) 134 nm 
D) 186 nm 
E) 275 nm 
A) 242 nm 
B) 304 nm 
C) 134 nm 
D) 186 nm 
E) 275 nm C

Question 2

The mole fraction of oxygen in dry air near sea level is 0.20948. The concentration of oxygen is __________ molecules per liter, assuming an atmospheric pressure of 739 torr and a temperature of 29.5 °C.

Accepted Answer

A) 6.23 
B) 0.00819 
C) 4.93 × 1021 
D) 3.75 × 1024 
E) 5.07 × 1022 
A) 6.23 
B) 0.00819 
C) 4.93 × 1021 
D) 3.75 × 1024 
E) 5.07 × 1022 C

Question 3

Nitrogen oxides catalytically destroy ozone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Natural, unpolluted rainwater is typically acidic. What is the source of this natural acidity?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) SO2 
C) NO2 
D) HCl 
E) chlorofluorocarbons 
A) CO2 
B) SO2 
C) NO2 
D) HCl 
E) chlorofluorocarbons

Question 5

Why does the upper atmosphere contain only very little dissociated nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A) most of the nitrogen is in the troposphere and not in the upper atmosphere 
B) the dissociated nitrogen very rapidly diffuses out of the atmosphere and into space 
C) nitrogen atoms are extremely reactive and so react with other substances immediately upon their formation 
D) the bond energy of nitrogen is very high and it does not absorb radiation very efficiently 
E) There is no N2 in the upper atmosphere. 
A) most of the nitrogen is in the troposphere and not in the upper atmosphere 
B) the dissociated nitrogen very rapidly diffuses out of the atmosphere and into space 
C) nitrogen atoms are extremely reactive and so react with other substances immediately upon their formation 
D) the bond energy of nitrogen is very high and it does not absorb radiation very efficiently 
E) There is no N2 in the upper atmosphere.

Question 6

The majority of ozone that protects against the high energy radiation of the sun is found in the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) thermosphere 
B) mesosphere 
C) mesopause 
D) stratosphere 
E) troposphere 
A) thermosphere 
B) mesosphere 
C) mesopause 
D) stratosphere 
E) troposphere

Question 7

Describe the process of reverse osmosis that is used to desalinate seawater.

Accepted Answer

Water is fed, at high pressure

Question 8

The C-Cl and C-F bond dissociation energies in CF3Cl are 339 kJ/mol and 482 kJ/mol, respectively. The maximum wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation required to rupture these bonds are __________ and __________, respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) 45.0 nm, 307 nm 
B) 742 nm, 654 nm 
C) 482 nm, 248 nm 
D) 353 nm, 248 nm 
E) 979 nm, 953 nm 
A) 45.0 nm, 307 nm 
B) 742 nm, 654 nm 
C) 482 nm, 248 nm 
D) 353 nm, 248 nm 
E) 979 nm, 953 nm

Question 9

The area of the Earth's atmosphere 10-50 km above the surface is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) thermosphere 
B) mesosphere 
C) mesopause 
D) stratosphere 
E) troposphere 
A) thermosphere 
B) mesosphere 
C) mesopause 
D) stratosphere 
E) troposphere

Question 10

The world's largest desalinization plant is in __________ and uses the process of __________ to produce drinking water.

Accepted Answer

Saudi Arab

Question 11

A sample of air from a home is found to contain 6.2 ppm of carbon monoxide. This means that if the total pressure is 695 torr, then the partial pressure of CO is __________ torr.

Accepted Answer

A) 4.3 × 103 
B) 4.3 × 10-3 
C) 4.3 
D) 8.9 × 103 
E) 1.1 × 108 
A) 4.3 × 103 
B) 4.3 × 10-3 
C) 4.3 
D) 8.9 × 103 
E) 1.1 × 108

Question 12

How can the presence of biodegradable waste in a lake result in the death of fish in the lake?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria utilize oxy

Question 13

The layer of the atmosphere that contains our weather is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) mesosphere 
B) heterosphere 
C) stratosphere 
D) thermosphere 
E) troposphere 
A) mesosphere 
B) heterosphere 
C) stratosphere 
D) thermosphere 
E) troposphere

Question 14

Cl atoms formed via photolysis of C-Cl bonds of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere are particularly effective in destroying ozone at these altitudes because __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Cl atoms absorb UV, which generate O atoms to react with O2 to produce ozone 
B) Cl atoms catalytically convert O3 to O2 
C) Cl atoms stoichiometrically convert O3 to O2 
D) Cl atoms react with H atoms, which catalyze conversion of O2 to O3 
E) Cl atoms react with N atoms, which catalyze conversion of O2 to O3 
A) Cl atoms absorb UV, which generate O atoms to react with O2 to produce ozone 
B) Cl atoms catalytically convert O3 to O2 
C) Cl atoms stoichiometrically convert O3 to O2 
D) Cl atoms react with H atoms, which catalyze conversion of O2 to O3 
E) Cl atoms react with N atoms, which catalyze conversion of O2 to O3

Question 15

In the past, CFCs were not used in __________.

Accepted Answer

A) spray cans 
B) plastic manufacturing 
C) air conditioners 
D) refrigerators 
E) dry cleaning 
A) spray cans 
B) plastic manufacturing 
C) air conditioners 
D) refrigerators 
E) dry cleaning

Question 16

Components of Air Mole Fraction Nitrogen 0.781
Oxygen 0.209
Argon 0.010
What is the partial pressure or oxygen (in torr)in the atmosphere when the atmospheric pressure is
765.0 torr?

Accepted Answer

A) 160. 
B) 597 
C) 611 
D) 7.65 
E) 760 
A) 160. 
B) 597 
C) 611 
D) 7.65 
E) 760

Question 17

What compound in limestone and marble is attacked by acid rain?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyapatite 
B) calcium carbonate 
C) gypsum 
D) graphite 
E) potassium hydroxide 
A) hydroxyapatite 
B) calcium carbonate 
C) gypsum 
D) graphite 
E) potassium hydroxide

Question 18

What is the percentage of freshwater on planet Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) 97% 
B) 2.1% 
C) 2.8% 
D) 0.6% 
E) 100% 
A) 97% 
B) 2.1% 
C) 2.8% 
D) 0.6% 
E) 100%

Question 19

Select the substance that is thought to be partially responsible for depleting the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) CFCl3 
B) CO2 
C) O2 
D) N2 
E) He 
A) CFCl3 
B) CO2 
C) O2 
D) N2 
E) He

Question 20

List two of the three major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.

Accepted Answer

domestic sewage, run

Exam 18: Chemistry of the Environment

What is the wavelength of a photon with just enough energy to break a CN bond? (The bond energy of the CN bond is 891 kJ/mole.)

The mole fraction of oxygen in dry air near sea level is 0.20948. The concentration of oxygen is __________ molecules per liter, assuming an atmospheric pressure of 739 torr and a temperature of 29.5 °C.

Nitrogen oxides catalytically destroy ozone.

Natural, unpolluted rainwater is typically acidic. What is the source of this natural acidity?

Why does the upper atmosphere contain only very little dissociated nitrogen?

The majority of ozone that protects against the high energy radiation of the sun is found in the __________.

Describe the process of reverse osmosis that is used to desalinate seawater.

The C-Cl and C-F bond dissociation energies in CF3Cl are 339 kJ/mol and 482 kJ/mol, respectively. The maximum wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation required to rupture these bonds are __________ and __________, respectively.

The area of the Earth's atmosphere 10-50 km above the surface is called the __________.

The world's largest desalinization plant is in __________ and uses the process of __________ to produce drinking water.

A sample of air from a home is found to contain 6.2 ppm of carbon monoxide. This means that if the total pressure is 695 torr, then the partial pressure of CO is __________ torr.

How can the presence of biodegradable waste in a lake result in the death of fish in the lake?

The layer of the atmosphere that contains our weather is called the __________.

Cl atoms formed via photolysis of C-Cl bonds of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere are particularly effective in destroying ozone at these altitudes because __________.

In the past, CFCs were not used in __________.

Components of Air Mole Fraction Nitrogen 0.781 Oxygen 0.209 Argon 0.010 What is the partial pressure or oxygen (in torr)in the atmosphere when the atmospheric pressure is 765.0 torr?

What compound in limestone and marble is attacked by acid rain?

What is the percentage of freshwater on planet Earth?

Select the substance that is thought to be partially responsible for depleting the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere.

List two of the three major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in water.

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Calculations With Chemical Formulas and Equations

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Thermochemistry

Electronic Structure of Atoms

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Solids and Modern Materials

Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acid-Base Equilibria

Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria

Chemical Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry

The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Filters

The C-Cl and C-F bond dissociation energies in CF₃Cl are 339 kJ/mol and 482 kJ/mol, respectively. The maximum wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation required to rupture these bonds are and , respectively.

The world's largest desalinization plant is in and uses the process of to produce drinking water.