Question 1

Expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviours they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In Maslow's needs hierarchy,the bottom four levels are collectively known as ___________ needs,whereas self-actualization is called a ______________ need.

Accepted Answer

A)  belongingness, infinite 
B)  fictitious, factual 
C)  deficiency, growth 
D)  subordinate, superordinate 
E)  safety, reward 
A)  belongingness, infinite 
B)  fictitious, factual 
C)  deficiency, growth 
D)  subordinate, superordinate 
E)  safety, reward

Question 3

Four-drive theory states that the four drives:

Accepted Answer

A)  counterbalance each other. 
B)  are arranged in a hierarchy. 
C)  are learned, not innate. 
D)  are equivalent to the top four needs in Maslow's needs hierarchy. 
E)  should not be fulfilled in organizational settings. 
A)  counterbalance each other. 
B)  are arranged in a hierarchy. 
C)  are learned, not innate. 
D)  are equivalent to the top four needs in Maslow's needs hierarchy. 
E)  should not be fulfilled in organizational settings.

Question 4

One problem with equity theory is that it incorrectly assumes people are individualistic,rational,and selfish.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In the equity sensitivity literature,'entitleds':

Accepted Answer

A)  feel uncomfortable when they receive more rewards than they should receive. 
B)  feel that everyone is entitled to receive the same outcomes no matter what position they hold in the organization or how hard they work. 
C)  feel best when they receive proportionately more than others. 
D)  frequently experience over reward inequity but rarely experience under reward inequity. 
E)  lack any sensitivity to feelings of inequity. 
A)  feel uncomfortable when they receive more rewards than they should receive. 
B)  feel that everyone is entitled to receive the same outcomes no matter what position they hold in the organization or how hard they work. 
C)  feel best when they receive proportionately more than others. 
D)  frequently experience over reward inequity but rarely experience under reward inequity. 
E)  lack any sensitivity to feelings of inequity.

Question 6

Four-drive theory recommends keeping all four drives in "balance"; that is,organizations should avoid too much or too little opportunity to fulfill each drive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to four-drive theory,social norms,past experience,and personal values translate emotional signals into goal-directed effort.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Four-drives theory encourages organizations to rely on financial rewards rather than non-financial rewards to motivate employees.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One way to increase employee motivation by improving the P-to-O expectancies is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  measure employee performance accurately. 
B)  convince employees that they are able to accomplish the task. 
C)  select employees with the required skills and knowledge. 
D)  provide sufficient time and resources to perform the task. 
E)  give everyone the same reward. 
A)  measure employee performance accurately. 
B)  convince employees that they are able to accomplish the task. 
C)  select employees with the required skills and knowledge. 
D)  provide sufficient time and resources to perform the task. 
E)  give everyone the same reward.

Question 10

All of the following are reasons given for why some employees are "disengaged" EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Companies have not adjusted to the changing needs and expectations of the new workforce. 
B)  Corporate restructuring (downsizing) has undermined commitment and trust among employees. 
C)  Pressures from globalization and information technology make it harder to motivate employees beyond minimum standards. 
D)  Employees aged 25to 34 sometimes or frequently feel demotivated. 
E)  Basic needs have already been provided and satisfied. Therefore higher-level needs are harder for employers to anticipate and offer. 
A)  Companies have not adjusted to the changing needs and expectations of the new workforce. 
B)  Corporate restructuring (downsizing) has undermined commitment and trust among employees. 
C)  Pressures from globalization and information technology make it harder to motivate employees beyond minimum standards. 
D)  Employees aged 25to 34 sometimes or frequently feel demotivated. 
E)  Basic needs have already been provided and satisfied. Therefore higher-level needs are harder for employers to anticipate and offer.

Question 11

Feedback from social sources is generally better than from non-social sources when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the feedback is negative. 
B)  employees want accurate information about their job performance. 
C)  employees perform poorly and are easily offended by negative feedback. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers apply. 
A)  the feedback is negative. 
B)  employees want accurate information about their job performance. 
C)  employees perform poorly and are easily offended by negative feedback. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers apply.

Question 12

Distributive justice increases directly with the extent that the decision allows voice,can be appealed,and has an unbiased decision maker.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

People with a high need for achievement tend to avoid risks and prefer working in teams.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

_________ produce emotions,whereas _________ represent the motivational force of those emotions which are channelled toward particular goals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Drives, needs 
B)  Needs, drives 
C)  Thinking, doing 
D)  Planning, projecting 
E)  None of these is correct. 
A)  Drives, needs 
B)  Needs, drives 
C)  Thinking, doing 
D)  Planning, projecting 
E)  None of these is correct.

Question 15

Inputs,outcomes,and comparison other are elements of:

Accepted Answer

A)  four-drive theory. 
B)  Maslow's needs hierarchy. 
C)  equity theory. 
D)  expectancy theory. 
E)  goal setting theory. 
A)  four-drive theory. 
B)  Maslow's needs hierarchy. 
C)  equity theory. 
D)  expectancy theory. 
E)  goal setting theory.

Question 16

Feelings of procedural injustice produce anger,which,in turn,generates either withdrawal or aggression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

'Benevolents' and 'Entitleds' represent opposing ends of the equity sensitivity continuum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

360-degree feedback tends to:

Accepted Answer

A)  be perceived as less accurate than feedback only from the supervisor. 
B)  be more effective when the results are used to determine pay increases and promotions, not just employee development. 
C)  be more ambiguous and conflicting than when feedback comes only from the supervisor. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  be perceived as less accurate than feedback only from the supervisor and be more ambiguous and conflicting than when feedback comes only from the supervisor. 
A)  be perceived as less accurate than feedback only from the supervisor. 
B)  be more effective when the results are used to determine pay increases and promotions, not just employee development. 
C)  be more ambiguous and conflicting than when feedback comes only from the supervisor. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  be perceived as less accurate than feedback only from the supervisor and be more ambiguous and conflicting than when feedback comes only from the supervisor.

Question 19

Jack Smith and Sam Clemens are neighbours who work as purchasing managers in different companies in the petrochemical industry.During one neighbourly discussion,Jack learned that Sam's salary was nearly 15 per cent higher than his even though their job duties were similar.Other than this difference,both received similar benefits and seemed to enjoy their jobs and colleagues.Jack was upset about Sam's higher salary,although he hid his emotions from Sam.(After all,it wasn't Sam's fault that they received different salary levels.)Jack was frustrated not only because Sam received a significantly higher salary,but also because Jack was certain that he worked longer hours and was more productive than Sam.Use the equity theory model to explain Jack's frustration.

Accepted Answer

This incident provides a clear example o

Question 20

According to equity theory,employees feel inequity only when other people receive higher salaries than they do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviours they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.

In Maslow's needs hierarchy,the bottom four levels are collectively known as _ needs,whereas self-actualization is called a ____ need.

Four-drive theory states that the four drives:

One problem with equity theory is that it incorrectly assumes people are individualistic,rational,and selfish.

In the equity sensitivity literature,'entitleds':

Four-drive theory recommends keeping all four drives in "balance"; that is,organizations should avoid too much or too little opportunity to fulfill each drive.

According to four-drive theory,social norms,past experience,and personal values translate emotional signals into goal-directed effort.

Four-drives theory encourages organizations to rely on financial rewards rather than non-financial rewards to motivate employees.

One way to increase employee motivation by improving the P-to-O expectancies is to:

All of the following are reasons given for why some employees are "disengaged" EXCEPT:

Feedback from social sources is generally better than from non-social sources when:

Distributive justice increases directly with the extent that the decision allows voice,can be appealed,and has an unbiased decision maker.

People with a high need for achievement tend to avoid risks and prefer working in teams.

_ produce emotions,whereas _ represent the motivational force of those emotions which are channelled toward particular goals.

Inputs,outcomes,and comparison other are elements of:

Feelings of procedural injustice produce anger,which,in turn,generates either withdrawal or aggression.

'Benevolents' and 'Entitleds' represent opposing ends of the equity sensitivity continuum.

360-degree feedback tends to:

According to equity theory,employees feel inequity only when other people receive higher salaries than they do.

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behaviour

Individual Behaviour, Personality, and Values

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions,attitudes,and Stress

Applied Performance Practices

Decision Making and Creativity

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Teams and Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

Filters

Exam 5: Foundations of Employee Motivation

Expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviours they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.

In Maslow's needs hierarchy,the bottom four levels are collectively known as ___________ needs,whereas self-actualization is called a ______________ need.

Four-drive theory states that the four drives:

One problem with equity theory is that it incorrectly assumes people are individualistic,rational,and selfish.

In the equity sensitivity literature,'entitleds':

Four-drive theory recommends keeping all four drives in "balance"; that is,organizations should avoid too much or too little opportunity to fulfill each drive.

According to four-drive theory,social norms,past experience,and personal values translate emotional signals into goal-directed effort.

Four-drives theory encourages organizations to rely on financial rewards rather than non-financial rewards to motivate employees.

One way to increase employee motivation by improving the P-to-O expectancies is to:

All of the following are reasons given for why some employees are "disengaged" EXCEPT:

Feedback from social sources is generally better than from non-social sources when:

Distributive justice increases directly with the extent that the decision allows voice,can be appealed,and has an unbiased decision maker.

People with a high need for achievement tend to avoid risks and prefer working in teams.

_________ produce emotions,whereas _________ represent the motivational force of those emotions which are channelled toward particular goals.

Inputs,outcomes,and comparison other are elements of:

Feelings of procedural injustice produce anger,which,in turn,generates either withdrawal or aggression.

'Benevolents' and 'Entitleds' represent opposing ends of the equity sensitivity continuum.

360-degree feedback tends to:

According to equity theory,employees feel inequity only when other people receive higher salaries than they do.

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behaviour

Individual Behaviour, Personality, and Values

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions,attitudes,and Stress

Applied Performance Practices

Decision Making and Creativity

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Teams and Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

Filters

In Maslow's needs hierarchy,the bottom four levels are collectively known as _ needs,whereas self-actualization is called a ____ need.

_ produce emotions,whereas _ represent the motivational force of those emotions which are channelled toward particular goals.